What's the Matter?
The most important subatomic particle for chemical bonds
electrons
What is the partial charge around the hydrogens in a water molecule?
positive
What makes two amino acids different?
R- side chains
How do saturated and unsaturated fats differ chemically?
How does this affect them?
unsaturated fats have a double bond whereas saturated fats only contain single bonds
Saturated fats can pack tightly together because they are straighter, makes them solid at room temps
Unsaturated fats have a kink that makes them less dense and more fluid like
Class of macromolecule that contains instructions on building proteins
Nucleic Acids
The type of bond when electrons are unevenly shared
polar covalent
The attractive force between two water molecules
Why can't denatured enzymes function?
they lost their shape and cannot bind with their substrate
Name 2 functions of lipids
cell membranes, chemical messages(hormones), energy storage
Why are carbohydrates considered "quick" energy when compared to lipids
smaller molecule so can be broken down faster than carbs
The type of bond formed by the transfer of an electron
ionic
Which substance will heat quicker, water or oil? Why (relate your answer to hydrogen bonds)
Describe the secondary structure of proteins.
What bond stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins? Where do these bonds occur?
alpha helix/beta pleated sheets
Hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amino groups
Which side of a phospholipid is attracted towards water?
phosphate head
What type of bond holds base pairs together in a DNA strand?
What's significant about the strength of these bonds?
Hydrogen Bonds/weak so that DNA can be split for replication and transcription processes
What is the partial charge around the more electronegative atom in a polar molecule?
negative
A substance with a high concentration of H+ compared to water
acid
How does the tertiary sturcture of proteins differ from their quaternary structure?
tertiary is only 1 polypeptide chain whereas quaternary is multiple polypeptide subunits
Why won't lipids dissolve in water?
nonpolar/not attracted to water because of lack of charges
The polysaccharide found in animals
glycogen
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
isotopes
Ice floats, why does that matter?
Life began in water; floating ice enabled life to continue underneath the surface of water during cold periods
What 4 types of interactions stabilize the teriary and quaternary structure of proteins?
Where do these bonds occur
disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions between R-side chains
What is the name of the monomer of lipids
N/A
The 3 components of a nucleotide
Phosphate/pentose sugar/nitrogenous bases