Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Properties of Water
Carbon-Based Molecules
Chemical Reactions
Enzymes
100
The three subatomic particles (including locations)
What are protons (nucleus), neutrons (nucleus) and electrons (orbiting around nucleus).
100
An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slighty negative atom
What is a hydrogen bond
100
When ________ are linked, they form molecules called _________.
What are monomers; polymers
100
Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by __________ and _________ chemical bonds.
What is breaking and forming
100
A substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increases the rate of the chemical reaction.
What is a catalyst
200
One particular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
What is an element
200
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for three important properties of water.
What is specific heat, cohesion, and adhesion.
200
Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.
What are carbohydrates
200
The substances changed during a chemical reaction. The substances made by a chemical reaction.
What is reactants and products
200
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things. Almost all of these are proteins.
What are enzymes
300
A substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio.
What is a compound
300
Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion.
What is cohesion is the attraction between molecules of a substance and adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances
300
Detailed instructions to build proteins are stored in these extremely long carbon-based molecules
What are nucleic acids
300
The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms.
What is bond energy
300
The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
What are substrates
400
A(n) ______ is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. Why are certain atoms more likely to gain or lose electrons?
What is an ion. An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full; the gain or loss of electrons results in a full outermost (valence) energy level.
400
A solution is a mixture of substances that is the same throughout - it is a homogeneous mixture. It has 2 parts (describe both)
A solvent is the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance. A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent.
400
Nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.
What are lipids
400
The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start.
What is activation energy
400
The specific places where substrates temporarily bind to enzymes
What are activation sites
500
Forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. This type of bond is what holds together ________. (ex. carbon dioxide)
What is covalent bond; What is a molecule
500
A compound that releases a proton - a hydrogen ion (H+) - when it dissolves in water. Compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution.
What is an acid What is a base
500
These are the most varied of the carbon-based molecules in organisms. In these, ______ ______ form covalent bonds, called peptide bonds, with each other.
What is proteins; amino acids
500
In terms of bond energy, describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions.
An endothermic chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases. If products have a higher bond energy than reactants, the reaction is endothermic. An exothermic chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs. If the products have a lower bond energy than the reactants, the reaction is exothermic.
500
The model that explains that first, enzymes bring substrate molecules close together, then second, the enzymes decrease activation energy.
What is the lock-and-key model
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