Atoms and Elements
Bohr Models
Bonding
Solutions, Suspensions, and Chemical Reactions
Properties of Water
100
What is the atomic number of sulfur?
100
How many valence electrons do atoms want to have in their outer shell? (with the exception of hydrogen and helium)
8 valence electrons (hydrogen and helium want 2)
100
Which part of the atom is involved in making bonds with other atoms? Protons, neutrons, or electrons?
The electrons -- specifically the valence electrons.
100
If something is a solution or suspension, does that mean it is also a mixture?
Yes, solutions and suspensions are both types of mixtures. In solutions, the solute gets distributed evenly in the solvent. In suspensions, there are undissolved particles in water.
100
Is water polar or nonpolar? Does this mean electrons are shared equally or unequally?
Polar-- this means electrons are shared unequally
200
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does neutral Aluminum have?
13 protons
14 neutrons
13 electrons
200
Electrons exist in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom. In the first three shells, how many electrons max go into each?
Shell #1: ______
Shell #2: ______
Shell #3: ______
Shell #1: 2 electrons
Shell #2: 8 electrons
Shell #3: 8 electrons
200
What type of bond would calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) form? Would they be sharing or transferring electrons?
Ionic Bond because calcium is a metal and sulfur is a nonmetal. There would be a transfer of electrons.
200
What are the reactants and products in this chemical reaction formula?
200
What property of water describes the attraction of molecules of the same substance?
Cohesion
300
On the board, write out the symbols for protons, neutrons, and electrons.
300
Based on what we know about valence shells, elements in which group # on the periodic table are LEAST likely to form bonds with any other atoms?
Group 18. Elements in this group all have full valence shells and thus will not share or transfer any electrons with any other atoms.
300
How many covalent bonds would carbon typically make?
4 bonds.
Because normally it has 4 valence electrons, it needs 4 more electrons to have a "full valence shell"
300
Why is water considered the universal solvent?
Because more substances dissolve in water than any other liquid.
300
What type of bond is stronger, an ionic bond or a Hydrogen Bond?
An ionic bond. Ionic bonds are formed by the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions (atoms with + or - charges).
Hydrogen Bonds are weak bonds formed by the attraction of partially positive Hydrogens in a polar molecule to a partially negative atom in another molecule (in water, this atom is Oxygen)
400
What are the six most common elements in living things?
Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen
400
Draw the Bohr Model for Phosphorous.
400
In what type of bond are electrons shared equally?
A __________ _____________ bond
(must say both words)
Nonpolar covalent bond
400
Which type of substance is least likely to dissolve in water?
a. Ionic
b. Polar
c. Salts
d. Nonpolar
d. Nonpolar substances
"Like dissolves like"
Because water is polar, it has partial positive and negative charges and its molecules like to be around other charged or partially charged molecules.
400
It takes a significant amount of energy to increase the temperature of water. This is important for living things, which are mostly composed of water, because this property makes us more resistant to sudden changes in temperature. This property of water is called:
Specific Heat
Specific Heat Index
High Specific Heat
500
As we saw in the video of the beginning of the unit, in between the nucleus at the center of an atom, and the electrons moving in their shells, what lies in between?
Mostly empty space
500
Draw the Bohr Model of an element that has a full valence shell. (multiple correct answers)
I will accept Helium, Neon, or Argon Bohr Models.
500
Draw the dot structure of CH2O.
I will draw it here:
500
In the chemical reaction shown, how many atoms of each element are present on the reactants side and products side? (# of C, H, and O on each side)
Reactants: 1 C, 4 H, 2 O
Products: 1 C, 2 H, 3 O
500
Draw two water molecules, show where their partial positive and partial negative charges are, and show the hydrogen bonding that occurs.