Properties of Water
High Specific Heat
Carbohydrates are comprised of three main elements. Name all three of these elements
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Name this macromolecule, which exists as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.
Carbohydrate
Identify and Describe each of the four levels of protein structure.
1: Amino acid sequence
2: H-bonding between R-groups
3: Complete 3D folded structure of a protein
4: Interaction of multiple separate polypeptides
Nucleic acids are a class of macromolecules. The smallest molecular unit for a nucleic acid is called a nucleotide. In general, what term do we use to describe the smallest building block of a macromolecule?
Monomer
These special types of bonds formed between water molecules give rise to most of water's unique properties.
Hydrogen bonds
How does the human body use carbohydrates?
Short-term source of energy
The diagram below depicts the formation of maltose from two glucose molecules. Identify the type of reaction shown in this diagram.
Dehydration Synthesis
What are the 3 main components of an amino acid?
Amine, Carboxyl, and R-Group
There are two notable types of nucleotides. Name these two molecules.
DNA and RNA
Water travels up the stalk of a plant through a process known as capillary action. Identify and describe two properties of water that are necessary for capillary action to occur.
Cohesion - water's attraction to other water molecules pulls them upwards
A polysaccharide is another word used to describe carbohydrate chains. In general, what term do we use to describe linked chains of monomers?
polymer
This component of an amino acid is what makes it distinct from other amino acids.
R-group
Amylase is an enzyme found in human saliva that helps to break down carbohydrates. Identify the class of macromolecule that best describes amylase.
Protein
DNA nucleotides each have a nitrogenous base. Name the 4 nitrogenous bases used in DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
This property of oxygen atoms is responsible for the polar covalent bond that forms in water molecules.
High electronegativity
Glucose and Fructose are both monosaccharides. These two molecules are synthesized into Sucrose via dehydration synthesis. Identify the other product of this reaction
Water
In this image are two lipids. Identify which of them would most likely be solid at room temperature.
1
Two amino acids are joined together during dehydration synthesis to form a polypeptide chain. Identify the name for the type of bond that forms between amino acids.
Peptide bond
There is one nitrogenous base that is unique to RNA. Name this nitrogenous base.
Uracil
The Jesus Lizard is able to walk on water due to its high surface tension. Identify the property of water that is responsible for water's high surface tension.
Cohesion
Name this process that uses water as a means to break down larger molecules into smaller components.
Hydrolysis
Isoleucine and asparagine are two common amino acids. Identify which amino acid would be found on the exterior of a protein
Asparagine
The amino acid serine was substituted for the phenylalanine in a polypeptide chain. Identify which levels of protein structure would be impacted by this subtitution.
All (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
Identify the nitrogenous base that would pair with Thymine in a DNA nucleotide.
Adenine