Atom Anatomy
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons always equals the number of this particle.
What are protons?
A substance made of two or more different elements chemically joined, such as CO₂.
What is a compound?
Insects can walk on water because hydrogen bonds between molecules create this property.
What is surface tension?
A small repeating unit that links with others to build a polymer.
What is a monomer?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, so both sides of a chemical equation must have equal atoms. This is the law.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
A carbon atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. This is its mass number.
What is 14?
MgCl₂ forms when magnesium gives electrons to chlorine. Name the bond type and explain why it is not covalent.
What is ionic, because electrons are transferred, not shared?
Water forms round droplets because of this attraction between water molecules.
What is cohesion?
Proteins are polymers built from this monomer.
What are amino acids?
When balancing equations, you change these numbers placed in front of formulas, never the subscripts.
What are coefficients?
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. These are called this.
What are isotopes?
Ionic bonds usually form between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds usually form between two of these.
What are nonmetals?
Water absorbs a lot of heat with only a small temperature change. This property is called this.
What is high specific heat (heat capacity)?
Sudan IV stains this macromolecule red.
What are lipids (fats)?
Balance: KClO₃ → KCl + O₂
What is 2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂?
Chlorine-37 has an atomic number of 17. Give its number of neutrons.
What is 20?
Two oxygen atoms in O₂ share electrons equally. This describes the bond.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
Cohesion and adhesion work together to move water up tall trees against gravity. This process is called this.
What is capillary action?
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are examples of this type of carbohydrate, made of many sugar units.
What are polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)?
Balance: C₃H₈ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
What is C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O?
A magnesium atom (atomic number 12) loses 2 electrons. Give its new charge and the name for a charged atom.
What is +2, and an ion?
Sodium is a reactive metal, and chlorine is a toxic gas, yet table salt is safe to eat. This statement explains why.
What is: a compound's properties are usually very different from those of its elements?
The partially positive hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen of another. This weak bond is why water resists temperature change.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Name the three parts of a nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids.
What are a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
Balance: Ca(OH)₂ + H₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂O
What is 3Ca(OH)₂ + 2H₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O?