Basics of Chemistry
Water properties, Acids, & Bases
Bonds & Chemical Reactions
Macromolecules
Enzymes
100
Protons, neutrons and electrons are all parts of
Atoms
100
The pH scale ranges from ___ to ____.
0 - 14
100
The bond that forms when electrons are SHARED.
Covalent bond.
100
Macromolecules are organic compounds because they all contain __________________. Inorganic compound don't have this.
Carbon
100
The amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin.
Activation energy
200
A pure substance made of ONE KIND OF ATOM that cannot be broken down chemically is known as
An element
200
HCl is an example of a(n): Detergent is an example of a(n):
acid base:
200
The bond that forms when an atom GAINS or LOSES electrons to another atom.
Ionic bond
200
Long chains of AMINO ACIDS form this macromolecule
Proteins
200
Enzymes are important in living things because they speed up chemical reactions by...
Decreasing the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
300
A tool used by scientists that organizes more than 100 elements is called
the periodic table
300
A solution that has more H+ ions and a pH of less than pH 7 is...
An acid
300
In a chemical reaction, the STARTING/ORIGINAL materials are called the _____________.

The NEW/ENDING materials are called the _____________.

Starting/original materials = reactants

New/ending materials = products

300
Molecules that classified as carbohydrates include starches and ...
sugars
300
The reactant that enzymes act on is called ....
The substrate
400
A substance made of TWO OR MORE ATOMS joined by a covalent bond is known as
A molecule
400
Bases have a pH above ____ and have more of the ____ ion in a solution.
Bases have a pH above 7

Bases have more OH- (hydroxide) ions in a solution.

400
A weak chemical bond between a slightly (+) part of a hydrogen atom and a slightly (-) charged part of another molecule.
A Hydrogen bond
400
This macromolecule has the monomer of a glycerol + 3 fatty acids chains.

Examples of this macromolecule includes fats, cholesterol, and waxes.

Lipids
400
Although enzymes are not hard or rigid, they are sometimes compared to a "lock and key".

Explain why enzymes are similar to a "lock and key".

Just like a lock will only work with a specific key, an enzyme will only work on a specific substrate.
500
Explain where the 3 subunits of an atom are found AND their charges.
INSIDE the nucleus of an atom: --Proton (positive charge)

--Neutron (neutral charge)

OUTSIDE the nucleus of an atom: -- Electron (negative charge)

500
Water's has a number of unique properties makes it important to life.

It surrounds, is found inside, and influences the shape of the membrane of all ____ in every living thing.

cells
500
In a chemical reaction, energy is _____________ or ____________ as chemical bonds break and new bonds form.
Energy is ABSORBED or RELEASED
500
DNA and RNA, which store heriditary info, are examples of this macromolecule.
Nucleic acids
500
List 4 things that affect enzyme activity.
--pH --temperature --amount (concentration) of the enzyme --amount (concentration) of the substrate
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