What is Atom (particles of an atom are: protons, electrons, and neutrons).
100
Monosaccharides are sub units of __________.
What is carbohydrates
100
Name the place where a substrate fits an enzyme.
What is Active Site (the "keyhole" of the lock)
100
What macromolecules carry genetic info?
a. Nucleic acids
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Oils
What is a. Nucleic Acids
100
Chlorophyll, such as that in pigments of plants, are an example of a ________?
What makes up the cell wall of plants?
What is Lipids / cellulose (complex carbohydrate)
200
These are the small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins:
What is amino acids
200
A carbohydrate molecule consists of ___________, ___________, and ____________.
What is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
200
What slows down or stops an enzyme?
What is inhibitor (a competitive inhibitor directly blocks the active site)
200
What are monomers? Monomers are molecules that can be bonded to form a ____________.
What is polymer (it is essential to proper functioning of macromolecules).
200
T/F: A catalyst does not change during a chemical reaction.
What is TRUE (it is something that speeds up a reaction without getting used itself).
300
Define Adhesion:
What is when two things stick to OTHER substances (cohesion is when the water molecules an stick to each other). For example, water molecules.
300
What makes up lipids?
What is fatty acids and triglycerides.
300
A polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in humans, animals, fungi, and bacteria is known as _____________.
What is glycogen
300
What is the function of carbohydrates?
What is used by the body for energy and structural support in cell walls.
300
What does the pH scale measure?
What is measures the acidity and alkalinity (base) of a substance. 0-6 is acid, 7 is neutral, and 8-14 is a base.
400
Define enzyme
What is protein molecules that act as biological (organic) catalysis (can speed up reactions in the body) for cells.
400
Describe what nucleic acids carry? What copies and transfers genetic information? What are the sub-units known as?
What is Nucleic acids carry DNA (which has genetic information). RNA copies and transfers the genetic information. The sub-unit that makes up nucleic acids are called nucleotides.
400
_____________ is the process where amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of water.
What is CONDENSATION
400
What is a triglyceride made up of?
What is disaccharide made up of?
What is glycerol and 3 fatty acids/ sucrose (table sugar)
400
What are four functions of protein:
What is support (structural), transport (move molecules from one place to another), regulate (metabolism and defense against germs), and movement (bodily).
500
What are phospholipids
What is two layers of lipids that make up the cell membrane.
500
A fatty acid chain is ____________ if there are all single bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chain.
If there is a double bond it is ________________.
When there is more than a double bond is a fatty chain it is known as _______________.
What is saturated/ unsaturated/ polyunsaturated
500
Explain what happens when an enzyme gets hot.
What is It denatures (changes shape) the Substrate (key) and no longer fits in the active site (lock).
500
List the four classes of macromolecules:
What is 1. carbohydrates, 2. lipids, 3. proteins, 4. nucleic acids.
500
Which of the following is not included in polysaccharides?
a. glycogen
b. cellulose
c. lipids
d. starch