Atomic Structure & Periodic Table
What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?
Atom
What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
covalent bond
What is a molecule made of two or more different elements called?
compound
In which state of matter do particles have the least amount of energy?
solids
periods
What are the two main particles found in an atom's nucleus?
protons and neutrons
a chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom. They are also known as electrovalent bonds.
ionic bond
What kind of bond, named for the first element on the periodic table, holds water molecules together?
hydrogen bond
What is the term for the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance?
temperature
What term describes a substance that is neither acidic or basic?
neutral
Elements in the same group on the periodic table have the same number of what in their outermost shell?
valence electrons
Which type of chemical reaction involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances? It's also what happens to a dead body.
Decomposition reaction
What do you call a mixture where substances mix evenly and look the same throughout?
homogeneous
This state of matter is an ionized gas and can exist at very high temperatures, such as in stars.
plasma
What type of bond is responsible for the properties of metals, such as electrical conductivity and malleability?
metallic bond
The atomic number tells you the number of what in an atom of an element?
protons
What do you call molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures?
isomer
A mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance. The particles are generally larger than those in a solution, and smaller than those in a suspension. Milk is an example.
Colloid
This terms describes the state of disorder of a system. It is high for gases and low for solids.
entrophy
What type of reaction gives off more heat than it creates?
exothermic
A way of showing the structure of an atom representing valence electrons and bonds as dots and lines.
Lewis-Dot-Structure
What are reactions that change the oxidation numbers of elements called? It is a combination of reduction (gaining electrons) and oxidation (losing electrons).
Redox reaction
The part of chemistry that studies the amount of substances involved in reactions. Balancing a chemical equation is part of this study
stoichiometry
What kind of bonds lead to high melting points as they take a lot of energy and therefore a high temperature to break apart? These bonds can be found in salt compounds
Ionic
Whose "exclusion principle" states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?
Pauli exclusion principle