Atomic Bonding & Mollecular Shapes
What are bonds called that are formed with electrons that are shared, but shifted to one side because they are shared unequally?
What are covalent bonds.
What are the components listed on the left side of the equation that will undergo some type of change in a chemical equation?
What are reactants.
Boyle's Law deals with the relationship between 2 of the 4 variables that describe gas behavior. Which 2 variables are held CONSTANT in Boyle's Law problems?
(a) pressure/moles
(b) temperature/volume
(c) pressure/volume
(d) temperature/moles
(e) volume/moles
What is (d)? Boyle's law deals with the relationship between pressure and volume, therefore the temperature and the amount of gas, measured in moles, must remain constant.
Write the molecule for calcium chloride.
What is CaCl2?
The standard unit of measurement of atomic mass - the abbreviation and what it stands for.
What is amu? (atomic mass unit)
What is the term for the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound?
What is a formula unit.
What helps a reaction to proceed, but itself is not changed?
What is a catalyst.
When particles spread out to evenly fill a space.
What is diffusion?
6.022 x 1023 units of something, usually atoms or molecules.
What is a mole?
What element is the amu determined relative to?
What is Carbon-12?
What is the term used to energy required to break apart the particles of a crystal?
What is lattice energy.
What is their oxidation number.
The ability to reduce the volume of a substance.
What is compressibility?
Used to refer to the mass of a mole of formula units of an ionic compound.
What is gram-formula mass?
The molar mass is also a conversion factor between what two things.
What is the MASS of a sample and the NUMBER OF MOLES in that sample?
What is the term for the basic idea that overlapping atomic orbitals form covalent bonds?
What is the valence bond theory.
What is a Roman numeral after the metallic element name in a metal ion that identifies the oxidation number?
What is the Stock system?
The SI unit for pressure, defined as 1 newton per square meter.
What is a Pascal?
Balance this chemical equation:
C2H6O + 3O2 --> The products are carbon dioxide and water
What is 2CO2 + 3H2O?
Give the percent composition of Cl in the molecule CaCl2.
What is 63.89%?
What is the molecular shape of a molecule in which the three atoms and the central atoms they are bonded to all are on the same plane?
What is trigonal planar?
What are compounds called that have extra water molecules attached to their crystal structure? The water molecules can be removed by heating.
What is a hydrate?
Use Boyle's law to solve the following problem: At 46.0 *C, a sample of ammonia gas exerts a pressure of 5.30 atm. What is the pressure when the volume of the gas is reduced to 1/8th (.125) of the original value at the same temperature? Round your answer to 3 significant figures.
What is 42.4 atm.
Consider the reaction:
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) --> 2Al2O3(s)
The production of 0.438 moles of aluminum oxide requires how many moles of aluminum?
What is 0.876 moles of aluminum? (Because there is a 2:1 ration of Al to Al2O3)
The gram-formula mass for NaOH is 40.00g/mol. Give the percent composition of each element Na, O, and H. (All 3 must be correct to earn the 500 points for this question)
What is 57.5% or 23/40 for Na, 40% or 16/40 for O, and 2.5% or 1/40 for H?