What is Matter
Matter can be divided into these 2 categories (and provide definitions)
Pure Substance- made up of 1 type of particle
Mixture- Made up of 2 or more pure substances
What are some examples of physical properties?
colour, state, malleability, texture, viscosity, ability to conduct heat/electricity, melting/boiling points, hardness, solubility
As you move down a family on the periodic table, what happens to the atomic size?
It increases because you add more shells surrounding the nucleus.
What types of elements will accept (gain) electrons?
Non-metals
Which types of elements form an ionic compound? How about covalent?
Ionic- metal and non-metal
(lose and gain electrons)
covalent- metal and non-metal or metal and metalloid (share electrons)
What is the difference between an element and a compound
Elements can not be broken down into anything smaller by physical or chemical means.
A compound is made up of 2 or more elements. Can be broken down into elements by chemical means.
What are some examples of chemical properties?
ability to react with another substance
combustibility
reactivity with acids, or oxygen, or lack of reactivity
As you move to the right on the periodic table (or in a row), what happens to the atomic size?
The atomic size is decreased because as we add more protons and electrons, the attraction is increased. So the electrons are more attracted to the positive nucleus, resulting in a smaller radius (or atomic size)
What number tells you how many protons an element has?
The atomic number
When metals lose electrons, what happens to the overall charge? Why do they want to lose electrons?
They become positive (more protons than electrons)
They want to achieve a full valence shell
What is the difference between a homogenous and heterogenous mixture?
Homogeneous- Uniform in appearance and cannot be visually differentiated
Heterogenous-Can be easily separated
How can you tell if a chemical change has taken place?
colour change, temp change, production of heat/energy
volume change or sound
change in taste or smell
Which family is the least reactive?
Noble Gases because they have a full valence shell. They do not want to accept any more electrons.
What is the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for a neutral atom of Magnesium?
p=12
n=12
e=12
How would you compare ionic and covalent bond strengths?
Ionic bonds are stronger because they transfer electrons.
Covalent bonds are weaker because the elements are sharing electrons.
Describe the particle movement (KMT) of solids, liquids and gases
solids- tightly packed particles that vibrate in place, with definite shape and volume
liquids- slide past each other and will take the shape of the container and maintain volume
gases- move quickly and collide. Take shape and volume of their container.
Chemical or Physical change?
Rusting metal
Chemical
Which type of elements usually give up (lose/donate) their electrons?
Metals
What is the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an ion of oxygen?
p=8
n=8
e=10
What type of bond does this describe?
arranged in regular repeating patterns, high melting point, hard and brittle.
Ionic Bonds
How do you define what is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Chemical or Physical?
A glass cup being smashed on the ground
Physical
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion.
usually a metal that has given up 1 or more electrons.
What is the difference between metals and non-metals (properties)
metals- good conductors of heat and electric current. Malleable and ductile. Usually shiny solids at room temp (except Hg). Soft and highly reactive (Group1&2)
Non-metals- dull looking, poor conductors of heat and electric current. Found usually in nature as compounds. Halogens are still reactive while noble gases are not.
covalent compounds can form these 3 types of bonds
single, double, triple