Earth Science Branches
What does geology study?
Earth's physical structure and processes
What three particles make up an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is a compound?
A substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined
What is the definition of a chemical reaction?
A process in which one or more substances change into new substances
What type of bond forms when two atoms share electrons?
Covalent bond
What does oceanography study?
The ocean and its properties
What type of electrons are involved in making chemical bonds?
Valence electrons
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
A solute dissolves in a solvent
What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
They are rearranged into new substances
What is the primary difference between a mixture and a compound?
Mixtures can be separated physically, while compounds are chemically bonded
What does meteorology study?
Weather and atmospheric conditions
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons, covalent bonds share electrons
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture with a uniform composition throughout
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases heat, like a fire burning
Which type of reaction absorbs heat—exothermic or endothermic?
Endothermic
What does environmental science study?
The impact of humans on Earth
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture where substances are not evenly distributed, like oil and water
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs heat, like cooking an egg
What happens to the temperature of the surroundings during an exothermic reaction?
It increases because heat is released
What does astronomy study?
The universe beyond Earth
What makes an isotope different from a regular atom?
It has a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
Is saltwater a mixture or a compound?
A mixture, because the salt can be separated from the water
What is the main factor that determines an element’s chemical properties?
The number of valence electrons in its outer shell
Explain the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction, and provide one real-life example of each.
Exothermic reactions release heat, like burning wood; endothermic reactions absorb heat, like boiling water