Atomic Structures & Models
Defines an element
atomic # (number of protons)
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons
Horizontal rows are called _________ and Vertical columns are called _____________
horizontal - periods
vertical - groups
What is the most reactive metal family?
alkali metals (1 val electron)
Draw the Lewis Dot structure for magnesium
Mg (two dots)
Most important subatomic particle in CHEMICAL BONDING
electrons
anion - negative, gained elecrons
period # = number of shells/energy levels
group # = number of valence electrons
What is the most reactive nonmetal family?
halogens (7 ve)
What will the typical charge be on a halogen? Why?
The mass of an atom is made up of....
protons and neutrons
Metals form _______ and Nonmetals form _________
metals - cations
nonmetals - anions
What happens to atomic radius going DOWN a group? ACROSS a period?
Down = bigger (more energy levels)
Across = smaller (tighter pull from nucleus)
What is the group that every element wants to be like? why?
Noble gases - full outer shell
What will be the typical charge on sodium?
+1 because it loses an electron
How many electrons fit in each shell of a Bohr model? (start at inner shell, then move out)
2, 8, 8
They want to get a full outer shell to achieve stability (gain or lose valence electrons)
Flourine - smallest radius and 7 ve - easy to gain the last electron
Why are BIGGER metals most reactive?
Which metal is more reactive, Na or K?
K - bigger atomic radius, easier to lose an electron