Acids and Bases
What happens to red litmus in a base?
turns blue
What does OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons), Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
Name C₂H₆
Ethane
What type of bond is found in alkenes?
Double bond (C=C)
Which is MOST reactive: alkane, alkene, or alkyne?
alkyne
Define a Brønsted-Lowry base.
Accepts H+
In Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, which is oxidized?
Mg
What type of bonds are found in alkanes?
Single bonds only (C–C single bonds)
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CₙH₂ₙ
What type of bond is found in alkynes?
Triple bond (C≡C)
Which has higher H+: acid or base?
Acid
If [H⁺] = 1 × 10⁻⁴, what is pH?
4
Is C₄H₁₀ an alkane? Explain.
Yes. Reason: Fits the formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ → (4,10)
Is C₄H₈ an alkene? Explain.
Yes. Reason: Fits the formula CₙH₂ₙ
Is C₄H₆ an alkyne? Explain.
Yes. Reason: Fits the formula CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
What is the range of the pH of acids?
0-6
What is the oxidation number of S in SO₄²⁻?
+6
Name the compound: C₃H₈
Propane
Name the compound: C₂H₄
Ethene
Name the compound: C₂H₂
Ethyne
In the reaction:
H₂O + NH₃ ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
Is H₂O acting as an acid or a base?
Acid
In the reaction:
Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻
Is this oxidation or reduction?
Oxidation (loss of electron)
Why are alkanes considered less reactive than alkenes and alkynes?
Because they only have single bonds, which are more stable and harder to break (no double or triple bonds).
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
Because they have a double bond, which is weaker and easier to break than a single bond.
Why are alkynes generally more reactive than alkanes?
Because they contain a triple bond, which has higher energy and is easier to break compared to single bonds.