acids and Bases
What is an acid?
A solution with pH less than 7.
A proton donor
What is equilibrium?
A system at equilibrium has equal forward and reverse reaction rates.
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst speeds up a reaction without being used up.
Which nuclear decay releases a helium nucleus.
alpha decay
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
A solution with pH greater than 7. ( a proton acceptor)
What is a base?
Which way will the equilibrium shift, if more reactant is added
toward the products / right
How does a catalyst work?
A catalyst lowers this energy barrier.
It acts by providing an alternate pathway for the reaction that has a lower activation energy.
Which nuclear decay releases an electron from the nucleus.
beta decay
What is reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons
What is H⁺ / H₃O⁺?
Acids produce this ion in water.
How does equilibrium shift if product is removed?
Toward the products / right?
How does increasing temperature affect reaction rate?
Increasing temperature increases kinetic energy so particle move faster and collide more often.
Which nuclear decay that releases energy but does not change mass number or atomic number?
gamma radiation
In a voltaic cell, oxidation occurs at this electrode.
Anode
What is OH⁻?
Bases feel slippery and produce this ion in water.
How does equilibrium shift when pressure is increased?
toward the side with fewer moles of gas
How does increasing concentration affect reaction rate?
Increasing concentration increases the number of particles so particles collide more often and increase reaction
What is half-life?
The time needed for half of a radioactive sample to decay.
In a voltaic cell, reduction occurs at this electrode.
cathode
What is neutralization?
When an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.
For an exothermic reaction, which way does equilibrium shift if heat is added?
What is toward the reactants / left
What effect does a catalyst have on equilibrium?
A catalyst speeds up a reaction rate but does not change this final amount of product at equilibrium.
What is fission?
A large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei and releases energy.
In a voltaic cell, electrons always flow through the wire from the electrode where oxidation occurs to the electrode where reduction occurs. Name the direction of electron flow.
anode to cathode