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first to propose an extensive model of the atom
John Dalton
Energy can neither be created or destroyed
law of conservation of energy
speed of light
3.00 x 10to the eighth power m/s
number of valence electrons an atom can have
8
the difference between ionic and covalent bonding
in ionic bonding, electrons are lost or gained: in covalent bonding they are shared
the relationship between the mole and Avogadro's number
One mole is Avogadro's number
the ability to work
energy
a quantum of light or a tiny packet or bundle of light
photon
the rows of the periodic table are called
periods
the most abundant element in the universe
hydrogen
The sum of the masses of the products is always equal to the sum of the masses of the reactions because atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions, only rearranged.
the law of conservation of masses
Portion of the universe being studied
system
light consists of photons in proportion to its frequency
quantum theory of light
the group of elements that have filled 8 valence shells
noble gases
the most abundant element in the earth's crust
oxygen
A constant temperature for a given amount of gas, volume varies inversely with pressure
Boyles's Law
the remainder of the universe, excluding the system being studied
surroundings
The complete arrangement of electrons in an atom
electron configuration
an attractive force between atoms that is strong enough to enable the group to act as a unit
chemical bond
the purpose of the ozone layer
blocking most harmful ultraviolent rays from reaching the earth's surface
A constant pressure for a given amount of gas, and then if temperature goes up so will volume and if temperature goes down so will the volume
Charles's Law
a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system
entrophy
the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
valance electrons
atoms will tend to react chemically so as to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration(8 electrons to the outer shell), either by gaining or losing an electron
octet rule
the element that if the major component of air and the percent
nitrogen 78%