Science Inquiry
Turn the following into a testable question:
A student wants to know if a paper airplane will go farther if she uses heavier paper.
Does the mass of paper affect the distance the plane travels?
These are the parts of the atom contained in the nucleus.
Protons and Neutrons
The first orbital shell of electrons in an atom can hold this number of electrons
2
Color, conductivity, hardness, state of matter at room temperature, melting point, malleability, solubility are all _________________ properties of matter
Physical
Name 3 constants in the following experiment:
A cyclist wants to know if deeper treads on her tires will make her go faster.
Same bicycle, same person, same terrain, same tires (except for the treads), same force used to pedal
What is the independent variable in the following scenario?
A student drops several parachutes from the roof of her building, each made from a different material. She measures how long it takes for them to reach the ground.
Independent Variable:
The material of the parachute
An atom is identified by the number of these. It is the atomic number on the periodic table.
The number of protons
The Lewis Dot Structure of an atom shows the _____ _______ in the center and ______ ______ on the outside
Chemical symbol, valence electrons
A chemical property of a substance can only be observed when the substance ____________
Changes into another substance, reacts with another substance
Metal is a good conductor of heat and electricity. That is true because, at the molecular level, the atoms are arranged in this way.
The atoms are very close together (touching) to allow the conduction of heat energy and electricity.
What is the dependent variable in the following scenario?
A diver wants to know if he can collect more oysters in colder water.
Dependent Variable:
Number of oysters collected
This number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic Mass (or Weight)
The electrons that are on the outermost orbital shell are called __________ ____________
Valence Electrons
Rusting, decomposing, burning, cooking, are all examples of ________________ changes because_____________
Chemical
The substances change into new substances
Dissolving salt in water is considered a ___________ change because ________________
physical
the substances are not changing, it's reversible
A teacher was curious to see if playing classical music while testing helped his students focus better on their exam. He has four different classes and gave them each the same test. What could be the control group in this experiment?
The class that does not hear classical music while taking the test.
The number of electrons in a (neutral) atom is the same as the...
Number of protons (atomic number)
How many electrons can fit on the second and third orbital shells?
Reaching a full shell means satisfying the _________ rule.
8
octet
Evidence that a physical change has occurred would be a change in _____, ________, or ________
size, shape, or phase of matter
The temperature of a substance is measuring "heat", which is called ________________ energy because it is measuring ______________
Kinetic energy, The movement of the molecules of a substance
Write a hypothesis for the following scenario:
A football team wants to wear jerseys that allow sweat to dry quickly. They know that materials made with synthetic fibers allow water to evaporate better than natural fibers. Their testable question is: Does the material of a jersey affect the amount of sweat on the jersey?
If a jersey is made of synthetic material, the amount of sweat will decrease compared to natural fibers because synthetic fibers allow for evaporation better than natural fibers.
If an atom loses an electron, it will have an overall _____________ charge because ______________
Positive
it has more protons than electrons
The two main types of bonds that can form between atoms are ____________ and ___________. This is the type that forms between a metal and a non-metal.
Covalent and Ionic
IONIC
A leaf decomposes in a forest. This is a _________________ change because _____________________
chemical
a new substance is formed
What is the chemical formula for salt?
NaCl
Sodium Chloride