Gas Laws
The relationship where pressure and volume are inversely proportional when temperature is held constant.
What is Boyle's Law?
The name of the experiment Ernest Rutherford used to discover the nucleus.
What is the Gold Foil Experiment?
A horizontal row on the periodic table that indicates the number of electron shells an element has.
What is a period?
This number, known as Avogadro's number, is equivalent to 1 mole of any substance.
What is 6.022 X 1023 ?
The molecular geometry that has a bond angle of 180 degree and is exemplified by CO2 or HCN.
What is Linear?
The two Gas Laws where the volume and temperature, or pressure and temperature, both increase together.
What are Charles' Law and Gay-Lussac's Law?
Rutherford's conclusion after the Gold Foil Experiment when he observed that most alpha particles passed straight through the foil, but a few were deflected greatly.
What is the atom is mostly empty space and has a dense, small, positively charged nucleus?
A vertical column on the periodic table that contains elements with similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.
What is a group (or a family)?
The two products of a combustion reaction involving a hydrocarbon and oxygen.
What are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)?
The solubility of Strontium Sulfate (SrSO4) in water, based on the general solubility rules.
What is Insoluble?
Temperature unit of measurement used in two of the three gas laws. Where in order to convert from Celsius you must add 273.
What are Kelvin?
For an neutral atom of Calcium-41, this is the number of protons and the number of electrons.
What is 20 protons and 20 neutrons?
The correct rank of these elements—Lithium, Potassium, Chlorine, and Copper—from weakest to strongest ionization energy.
What is Potassium < Copper < Lithium < Chlorine? (weakest is bottom left, strongest is top right)
The general term for a balanced chemical reaction, where two ionic compounds swap ions.
What is a double replacement reaction?
The name of the molecular shape that has a central atom bonded to four other atoms with no lone pairs, like CH4, and a bond angle of 109.5 degrees.
What is tetrahedral?
The initial volume of a gas sample if its temperature changes from 25 C (298 K) to 80C (353 K) and the final volume is 2.4 L.
What is 2.0 L?
*Charles' Law: v1/t1=v2/t2 : v1=v2t1/t2
A term used to describe two atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What is an Isotope?
This property generally increases as you move from left to right across a period and decreases as you move down a group, and is defined as the energy required to remove an electron.
What is Ionization Energy?
The number of molecules found in 2.5 moles of a sample.
What is 1.5 x 1024 molecules? (2.5 moles x avogadros number)
The characteristic of a wave that has high frequency and low wavelength.
What is High Energy?
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity. This action causes the pressure inside the lungs to decrease below the atmospheric pressure, causing air to rush in. What gas law is this an example of?
What is Boyle's Law?
Name the law that states no matter can be created nor destroyed and must be followed when balancing chemical equations.
This property generally decreases as you move from left to right across a period and increases as you move down a group, and is defined as the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell of an atom.
What is atomic radius?
This type of chemical reaction happens where a reactive cation replaces a less reactive cation in a compound. Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) reacting to yield ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s).
What is a cationic single replacement reaction?
**Occurs because Zinc is more reactive than Copper, allowing the zinc cation to replace the copper(II) cation.
This type of molecular shape is characterized by three atoms bonded to the central atom and one lone pair of electrons. The lone pair pushes the atoms downward creating a bond angle of less that 109.5 degrees.
What is trigonal pyramidal?