Energy
What is the heat capacity of water
4.2 J/g°C
This type of substance donates protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction
An acid
What is a Positive Electrode
An Anode, non-metal ions lose electrons (oxidation) at the anode and are oxidized to their elemental form.
What is the Avogadro constant?
approximately 6.02×10^23
what is the test for hydrogen gas
hydrogen is present in a test tube, a lighted splint held near its mouth ignites with a squeaky pop.
Describe the meaning of exothermic reaction
An Exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the release of energy. enthalpy change is negative
This common household base, often used for cleaning, and a pH greater than 7.
Sodium hydroxide
what is oxidation, 2 points
Oxidation is when oxygen is added to a substance and a loss of electrons
what is the definition of empirical formula
State some uses of the noble gases
argon in lamps; helium for filling balloons, neon lamps
What is the formulae for Change in Enthalpy. Not symbols
ΔH= mcΔT/n
Must say what the symbols represent
In a titration, this piece of laboratory equipment is used to accurately measure and deliver the titrant into the solution being analyzed.
a burette
What is a double bond
In this type of covalent bond, atoms share two pairs of electrons, often found in molecules like oxygen (O₂)
What is the molar mass
This is the term for the mass of one mole of a substance, usually measured in grams per mole, and is numerically equal to the atomic or molecular mass.
Describe a chemical test for water / water vapour
cobalt chloride paper and copper(II) sulfate (anhydrous).
In this process, energy is absorbed from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature. Photosynthesis is an example of this type of reaction.
an endothermic reaction
This is the substance commonly used as an indicator in acid-base titrations that changes color at a pH of around 7, signaling the completion of the titration.
What is phenolphthalein?
why do metals have high melting points
metals have a strong lattice structure, with a strong molecular bond. That means it requires more energy (so heat) to break these bonds.
Given 0.5 moles of carbon dioxide (CO₂), calculate the mass of the sample using the molar mass of CO₂, which is 44 g/mol.
22 grams
what is James chadwick know for
Discovering neutrons
What is is the minimum amount of energy that reacting particles must have for a reaction to occur. It is often represented by the peak of an energy profile diagram.
activation energy
What is the equivalence point
During a titration, this point is reached when the amount of acid exactly neutralizes the base, often indicated by a sudden change in the pH.
What is the order of the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive. (12 + 2)
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminum, CARBON, Zinc, Iron, Lead, HYDROGEN, Copper, Silver, Gold, Platinum.
how to calculate % Composition
(mass of element/molecular mass) x 100.
This principle explains why gases diffuse more rapidly than liquids, based on the idea that gas particles move faster and have more space between them compared to particles in a liquid.
the kinetic molecular theory