Organic
CnH2n+1OH
Name 3 properties of the Transition metals
Variable oxidation states
Behave as catalysts
Form complex ions
Form coloured compounds
What are the factors affecting the rate of reaction temperature?
Temp
Pressure
Concentration
Catalyst
Surface Area
Standard enthalpy of formation
Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in standard states at standard temperature and pressure.
Describe Ionic, metallic and covalent boning
Ionic: Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice structure
Metallic; Electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and sea of delocalised electrons
Covalent: Shared pairs of electrons
Deduce the identity of the Alkene.
Propene
Why Scandium and Zinc are not classed as a transition element?
Sc only forms one ion, Sc3+, which have config of [Ar]
Zn also forms only one ion, Zn2+, which have complete 3d subshell
Where is the most probable energy, Ea and labels on axis of MB curve?
Peak of curve, Towards the right end, Number of particles and collision energy
What is the Enthalpy change (ΔΗ) of a reaction?
Enthalpy of products - Enthalpy of reactants
Shape and angle of BrF5
Square Pyramidal
90o
What type of carbocation does 2-methyl-but-2-ene make?
Tertiary
Vanadium Oxide is the catalyst in the Contact Process.
Explain why V2O5 is a catalyst, and why it is able to act as a catalyst in this process.
It takes part in the reaction but not used up.
Because it has variable oxidation states.
Units for a first order reactions's rate constant?
sec-1
What is the enthalpy of formation?
The enthalpy change when ONE MOLE of a compound is formed in its standard state from its elements in their standard states.
How are Van Der Waals forces formed
Transient, induced dipole-dipole attraction. Random fluctuations in electron density randomly form dipoles which cause dipoles to be induced on neighbouring molecules which interact with one another attractively
What are the conditions for diazotation?
sodium nitrite, hydrochloric acid, low temperature (0–5 °C)
Predict the shape and bond angle of the [Fe(H2O)6]2+
Octahedral
90 o
Why are initial rates used to find orders?
Reaction is fastest in the beginning and all concentrations are known
What is the enthalpy of combustion?
The enthalpy change when ONE MOLE of a substance undergoes complete combustion under standard conditions. All reactants and products are in their standard states.
Why is BP of NH3 lower than that of HF
HF bonds are much more polar than NH3 as there are 3 lone pairs on the F atom whereas N has 1
How can you test for chiral carbons?
Plane polarised light
Define the term ligand
Produces a straight line graph in kinetics
1st order reaction
What does increasing the temperature do to Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution?
Moves the curve to higher energies (more molecules have energies greater than Ea) • increases the spread (curve gets broader and flatter) • keeps same area under the curve
How do you prevent further substitution of a halo alkane with by the amines formed
Use an Excess of Ammonia