Heat Transfer
What are the three main types of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, and radiation
What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is an element?
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
What does each row (horizontal) in the periodic table represent?
A period
What is the chemical symbol for water?
H₂O
Which form of heat transfer occurs by direct contact between particles?
Conduction
Where are the protons and neutrons located in an atom?
In the nucleus
What is a compound?
A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically joined
What does each column (vertical) in the periodic table represent?
A group
What do acids generally taste like?
Sour
Why does hot air rise in a room?
Because warmer air becomes less dense and rises due to convection.
What does the atomic number tell you about an atom?
The number of protons
How is a mixture different from a compound?
Mixtures are a combination of substances not chemically joined, while compounds are substances where elements are chemically bonded.
Which group contains the most reactive metals?
Group 1 (alkali metals)
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
7
Name one example of heat transfer by radiation in everyday life.
Sunlight warming your skin
If an atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what element is it?
Carbon
What is a molecule?
A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together
What is the name of the group that contains very unreactive gases?
Noble gases (Group 18)
Describe what a chemical reaction is.
A chemical reaction is a process where substances change to form new substances with different properties.
Describe how heat transfers in boiling water on a stove, including conduction, convection, and radiation.
The stove heats the pot by radiation from the flame and direct conduction with the pot. Heat transfers from the pot to the water by conduction. Then, water at the bottom heats up and rises, while cooler water sinks by convection, causing circulation. Heat from the flame also radiates to the pot and surrounding air.
Describe how the arrangement of electrons in shells determines the chemical properties of an atom.
The electrons in the outermost shell (valence electrons) determine how an atom reacts with other atoms. Atoms with similar numbers of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.
Give an example of a molecule that is not a compound.
Oxygen gas (O₂)
Explain why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
They have the same number of valence (outer) electrons.
Describe one way you can tell a chemical reaction is happening.
You might see a change in colour, production of a gas, formation of a solid (precipitate), temperature change, or see light produced.