Gas Laws
According to Charles' Law - Volume and Temperature are related how?
Directly proportional
A gas with a volume of 4.0L at a pressure of 205000 is allowed to expand to a volume of 12.0L. What is the pressure in the container if the temperature remains constant?
68300 Pa
What is the melting point of water in ˚C?
100 ˚C
Draw a water molecule and indicate it's polarity using arrows pointing to the more polar ends.
Arrows point to oxygen - more polar than hydrogen.
What atoms are most commonly occurring elements in organic chem?
C, N, H, O
Calculate the decrease in temperature when 6.00 L at 20.0 °C is compressed to 4.00 L.
195. 3 K
What pressure is required to compress 196.0 liters of air at 1.00 atmosphere into a cylinder whose volume is 26.0 liters?
7.54 atm
What is the melting point of water in K?
273 K
What is hydrophobic? Give an example of an hydrophobic molecule.
Hates water. Ex - alkanes.
How do alkanes and carboxylic acids differ?
Alkanes are just straight chains of carbon atoms with hydrogens around all carbons forming 4 bonds. A carboxylic acid is an alkne that has the carboxylic acid functional group (COOH).
Carboxylic Acids are polar and are hydrophilic. Alkanes are not polar and are hydrophobic.
The presence of an oxygen is what makes an organic molecular polar and water loving.
A container containing 5.00 L of a gas is collected at 100 K and then allowed to expand to 20.0 L. What must the new temperature be in order to maintain the same pressure (as required by Charles' Law)?
400 K
A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the volume at 132.0 °C?
1215 mL
What is the boiling point of water both in K and ˚C?
What is hydrophilic? Give an example
Water loving. Ex - anything polar, i.e., water, alcohols, etc
Draw the following functional groups:
Alkene, Alcohol, Ester, Ether, Caboxylic Acid, Alkyl Halides, Ketones, Aldehydes
A 40.0 L tank of ammonia has a pressure of 12700 Pa. Calculate the volume of the ammonia if its pressure is changed to 8400 Pa while its temperature remains constant.
60.5 L
How do you convert ˚C to K?
K = 273 + C˚
What temperatures of water can ice exist?
Below 100˚C
What are the type of intermolecular bonds in solid water?
H-bonds
Name the organic naming prefixes for alkanes for 1 C up to 9 Carbons.
meth-
eth-
prop-
but-
pent-
hex-
hept-
oct-
non-
If 15.0 liters of neon at 25.0 °C is allowed to expand to 45.0 liters, what must the new temperature be to maintain constant pressure?
894 K
According to Boyle's Law - Pressure and Volume are...
inversely proportional.
Why is the boiling point of water so high?
H-bonding between different water molecules. Takes more energy to break those bonds.
At 1 atm of pressure and a temperature of 100˚ C, what phase(s) of water can exist?
100˚ = boiling point so both liquid water and water vapor can exist in dynamic equilibrium.
How does adding an Oxygen atom to a hydrocarbon (organic molecule) affect the properties?
The more oxygens you have, the higher the boiling point, the more reactive a compound is, and the greater the solubility. This is due to the intermolecular forces. Mainly H-bonding and Dipole-Dipole forces.