Atomic Structure
Why is the atomic mass of an element not a whole number?
Most naturally occurring elements have more than one isotope.
Anions have corresponding 2_, 3_, 4_ charges.
Cations have corresponding 2_, 3_, 4_ charges
Anions: - (negative)
Cations: + (positive)
What is another word for group on a periodic table?
Family
As you go down a group in the periodic table, does electron affinity increase or decrease?
decrease
How many electrons can the s energy level carry at most? How about the d? F? P? In what order do they start?
s-2
p-6
d-10
f-14
What does the whole number on a block on the periodic table represent?
The atomic number: protons + neutrons
Atoms can gain __,__,__, (and/or) __ electrons from an atom yields an anion, an ion with a net __________ charge.
1, 2, 3, or 4
negative
What are noble gases? What are they?
They have completely filled valance shells.
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, & Uuo
Is Francium more likely to have more metallic character, or Helium?
Francium
What is the electron configuration of Nickel?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
All s orbitals are spherical in shape but differ in size. Briefly explain this phenomenon.
The number of nodes in s orbitals differ.
Ions can change the net number of ________________.
electrons
Which block has all transition metals?
the d block
What is the name of the ability of an atom in a compound to draw electrons to itself?
Electronegativity
Pauli Exclusion Principle
No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers
describe a dx2y2 orbital
One section is on the x axis, and the other is on the y axis. One of them is shaded in.
What does Zeff stand for and what does it mean?
Effective Nuclear Charge: the actual magnitude of positive charge that is "experienced" by the valance electrons in the atom
Without looking at your periodic table: What are the 7 diatomics?
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, & I
What element has the largest ionization energy?
Helium
How many valance electrons does Tellurium have?
6
Magnesium has three naturally occuring isotopes. 78.70% of Magnesium atoms exist as Magnesium-24 (23.9850 amu), 10.03% exist as Magnesium-25 (24.9858 amu) and 11.17% exist as Magnesium-26 (25.9826 amu). What is the average atomic mass of Magnesium?
24.29 amu
What is cation?
An ion with a net positive charge
Is Chromium a transition metal? Why or why not?
Cr is a transition metal because it has an incompletely filled d subshell.
What is an atomic radius?
the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its valence shell
Electrons will reside in the available orbitals of the _____________________.
lowest possible energy