Basic Chemistry
Name particles in an atom
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Translate the terms - kádinka, zkumavka, nálevka
beaker, test tube, funnel
discovery and invention
discovery learns about something what existed before
What is a dose?
amount of toxical substance
Environment consists of 4 parts
atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
Name at least 3 preservation methods
drying, freezing, salting, smoking, picklíng
Chemical formula of water
H2O
What does pharmacist do?
sell medicine, advise on healthy problems, prepare medicine
Crude oil is chemically
mixture of hydrocarbons
Who discovered the Law of Conservation of Matter
Antoine Lavoisier
Dress code in laboratories
Lab coat, goggles, shield, covered feet, gloves
What does astronomy study?
stars, planets
the definition of toxic chemical
substance harmful to the environment
How to dispose organic waste?
compost
Name 4 ingredients for making beer
grains, hops, yeast, water
How much of our planet is covered by water?
71%
Name at least 3 OTC medicines
medicines curing fever, painkillers, antiallergic medicine, herbal teas, nasal drops
Name at least 3 big producers of crude oil
Russia, Saudi Arabia, the U.S.A
Difference between organic and inorganic chemistry
Organic chemistry deals with compounds containing carbon
Safety rules in laboratories
No eating, drinking, running, disturbing the others, follow the instructions of a teacher,et.
Main achievement of Dmitri Mendeleyev
Periodic Table of Elements
Inhalation is
pathway of intake of toxic substance
What are air pollutants? At least 3.
carbon dioxide, methane, nitric oxides
What is fermentation in the process of making beer?
Wart is transformed into alcohol with the help of yeasts
Name 3 phases of water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
Name at least 3 prescription medicines
antibiotics, antidepressants, birth-control pills, strong painkillers, medicine curing high blood pressure, etc.
How is crude oil taken out?
oil drilling, oil rigs, oil platforms on seas
Arrangement of periodic table of elements
groups (similar properties)and periods (increasing atomic number)
Describe the distillation apparatus
Bunsen heater, mat, flask, cooler, thermometer, recieving flask
Main achievement of Alexandr Fleming
penicillin
What are irritants?
Chemicals causing inflammation through long-term exposure
What is incineration plant?
burning of waste
What are flavourings used to?
They make food tastier.
Types of water
fresh, salty, brakish
Divide side effects according to frequency and give at least 2 examples
rare - damaging organs, high temperature
common - rash, headache
How is called the factory where crude oil is manufactured?
refinery
Name types of chemical bonds, describe the difference
Covalent and ionic
Describe chemical laboratory in our school
6 working tables, stand, clams, access to water, electricity and gas, analytical balance, sink
risks connected with nuclear energy
leak, storage of burnt fuel, weapons
Describe the sign for Gas under pressure
cylinder
What is acid rain?
Rain containing sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides
What is the difference between making whiskey and beer?
No hops, distillation, different storage
What is electrolysis?
Splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen
What is placebo effect?
People feel better because they expect it.
Describe the way of crude oil to refinery
pipes, tankers
Types of chemical reactions
synthesis, decomposition, displacement
Describe filtration
flask, filtrating paper, beaker, solid particles settle on the paper, the product is called filtrate
Name at least 3 branches of biology
anatomy, botany, zoology, ecology, genetics
Describe the sign for acute toxicity
skull and crossbones
Describe global warming
energy from the Sun, greenhouses gases, energy trapped and returned back to the atmosphere
Name 6 types of additives
Colourants, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, flavourings
Name at least steps used in water treatment works to clean water
filtration, sedimentation, adding chlorine, ozone
What are laxatives used for?
curing constipation
What are solid fractions of crude oil? At least 2
bitumen, asphalt
Describe chemical equation
reactants, products, elements, compound, symbols
How to safely dispose chemical waste
special containers
What is made by B immunity cells to help fight off infection?
Antibodies
Describe the sign for explosives
exploding bomb
Name at least 3 endangered species
panda, condor, siberian tiger, some rhinos
To which group of additives does ascorbic acid belong?
Antioxidants
Explain the words: Irrigation, extinguishing liquid, hydropower
watering plants, extinguishing fires, energy
What should the first aid kit contain? At least 5 items.
Pain killers, medicine curing fever, adhesive tapes, antihistamine tablets, scissors, tweezers
What are liquids fractions of crude oil? At least 3
petrol, naphta, kerosene
Name at least three Czech famous chemists
Jaroslav Heyrovský, Emil Votoček, Jan Svatopluk Presl, Antonín Holý
Name at least 5 separation techniques
distillation, sublimation, sedimentation, chromatography, evaporation
The first vaccine was for which disease?
Small Pox
Name at least 3 carcinogens
asbestos, benzene, tobacco aflatoxins, cadmium
Name 4 Czech national parks
the Krkonoše, the Šumava, the Poddyjí, the Bohemian Switzerland
To which group of additives does monosodium glutamate belong?
Flavourings
Describe all three states of water and their phase changes
solid - hail, snow
liquid - water
gas - water vapour
melting, evaporation, condensation
What is antibiotic resistance?
medicine does not work anymore due to wrong usage and other reasons
Describe shortly fractional distillation
heating of crude oil, condensation, fractions, different boiling points
Which branch and subranches are studied at our school?
Applied Chemistry
Clinical and Toxicological Analysis
Preparation and synthesis of pharmaceuticals
Forensic Chemistry
Fractional distillation - procedure
hydrocarbons, based on different boiling points of fractions, types of fractions
Which Czech scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize and for what?
Jaroslav Heyrovský for polarography
Name 4 pathways for toxic chemicals
inhalation, dermal absorption, ingestion, injections
What is sustainable development
preserving planet for future generations
What is germination?
Process of sprouting
Boiling point of water depends on
barometric pressure
How are new drugs develop? Name 3 stages.
1. testing on computers
2.testing on animals
3. clinical trials on healthy volunteers
Name two basic types of plastics, desribe the main difference between them
termoplasts - change shape while being heated
termosettings