Matter
A Chemical element
What is a basic substance made up of only one type of atom?
Electron Configuration
What is The arrangement of electrons in orbitals around the nucleus
Ionic bond
an electrical attraction between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion
Equivalents
[Eq] How we measure each individual ion (which is the amount that ion is equal to 1 mole of positive or negative electric charge)
repulsion theory
Most important factor in determining geometry is the relative repulsion between electron groups around the central atom
Compounds
What is two or more elements?
Shells
What is Energy levels of electrons N=1 N=2 N=3 etc.
Covalent bond
chemical bond formed when electrons are shared
Solubility
the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve @ a certain temperature
Non Polar Covalent
When the electronegativity difference is between 0.0-0.4, the electrons are considered to be shared equally
Mixture
What is two things that are physically combined?
Orbitals
What is 3d volume in which electrons have the highest probability of being found
Cations
Positively charged ions
Saturated solution
A salutation that contains all the solute that can dissolve in the solvent
Polar covalent bond
When the electronegativity is from 0.5-1.8
Anything over 1.8 is ionic
Pure substance
What is Matter that has fixed or definite proportion: elements or compounds
Hund's Rule
What is Every orbital is singly occupied until all have one, they won’t pair up
Anions
Negatively charged, named by 1st syllable of element followed by -ide
Precipitate
A solid formed by a change in a solution
Dipole
a polar covalent bond that has a separation of charges The positive end will be pulled toward the negative end
Diatomic gases
What is Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Fluorine (F2), Oxygen (O2) Iodine (I2), Chlorine (Cl2), Bromine (Br2)
Octet rule
What is The full shell is what is stable and a stable electron has 8 valence electrons
Polyatomic ion
a charged particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. These atoms can be the same or different elements, and they work together to carry a positive or negative charge. Examples include the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) and the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻).
Coulomb’s law
The forces between ions are electrostatic; the larger the charges (q) of the ions, the stronger the force between them; the smaller the size of the ions (r.,) the shorter the distance and the stronger the force.
Bond Order
the number of bonding pairs of electrons between two atoms. In a covalent bond between two atoms, a single bond has a bond order of one, a double bond has a bond order of two, a triple bond has a bond order of three, and so on.