Changes in State
Sublimation
When something passes the liquid state from solid to gas
Chemical Properties
Properties tell how a substance reacts with other substances (ex. flammability/burning).
What is density?
How tightly packed the particles are.
What is the description of separating mixtures?
Involving physical means, or physical changes
Deposition
Passes the liquid state from gas to solid
Physical properties
Properties can be observed without chemically changing the substance (example: boiling)
What are the units used for density? When are they used?
g/cm^3 = solid, g/mL = liquid or gas.
What are the methods of separating mixtures?
Filtration, Distillation, Magnet, Paper Chromatography, Density, and Evaporation.
What has a triple curve?
Everything
Extensive Properties
Properties depend on the amount of substance (example: volume 1L doesn't equal 1mL)
Formula
Mass/Volume (remember heart divided to half)
Paper Chromatography
Separate things through different melting points. Each component must have different melting points. Example: ink solvent=water
Describe Filtration
Use funnel and filter paper in order to separate things by their different particle sizes. (Must have solid and liquid).
Purpose of adding heat to heating curve
To melt and boil, not to raise temperature
Intensive properties
Properties do not depend on the amount of the substance (example: boiling point 100 degrees celsius)
mass/volume
Density
Use centrifuge to separate things with different densities. (must have different densities)
Describe Distillation
Separate things by different boiling points. (use condenser). The things you want to separate must have different boiling points.
What is the triple point, and what is the critical point?
Critical point: highest temp and pressure at which liquid and gas are no longer distinguishable
States of Matter
Solid (vibrating), Liquid (translating close together), and Gas (translating quickly; far apart).
Relationships with liquids
For most liquids, as temp goes up, density goes down (exception=H2O)
Evaporation
Use dehydration in order to separate things. Example: Salt + water (dry out water from salt over time).
Magnet