Pressure, Density, etc.
What are the three properties involved in pressure, including itself?
Pressure, temperature, and density.
Unless certain circumstances are met, an atom's electromagnetic charge is balanced. What charge are electrons?
What are groups on a periodic table? And what are periods on a periodic table?
The columns that run vertically (up and down) on a periodic table, and the rows that run horizontally (left to right) on a periodic table.
What are the three parts of an atom? (_, _, and _)
electrons, neutrons, protons
In 440 BC, Democritus came up with the first atomic theory. What did he call his concept?
Atomos, meaning indivisible, uncuttable, etc.
What is the first property that influences the diffusion of a substance with higher to lower density?
Difference in pressure
What is an energy shell?
As the period increases, the amount of energy shells _.
increases
Unless certain circumstances are met, an atom's electromagnetic charge is balanced. What charge are protons?
Positive.
What advancement did John Dalton make in atomic theory?
He said atoms cannot be destroyed nor created.
What is pressure?
The force applied to the surface of an object.
What is a valence electron?
An electron in the final energy shell of an atom.
decreases, increases
What is atomic radius?
The radius of an atom, also known as the distance between a valence electron and the atom's nucleus.
What advancement did J. J. Thomson make in atomic theory?
Atoms have a positive core with negative electrons.
What is density? And what's its equation?
Mass / Volume - Density is the amount of mass in a given volume.
As electrons heat up, what are the three parts of releasing photons (light particles)?
Absorption, excitation, and emission.
As the period increases, the amount of energy shells _, and as the groups increase, the amount of valence electrons _.
increases, increases
What is ionization energy?
The energy required to pull an electron from the observed atom.
What advancement did Ernest Rutherford make in atomic theory?
He discovered the nucleus' existence. and therefore the physical structure of an atom generally.
What is the 2nd property that influences diffusion from a substance of higher density to lower density?
Thickness of barrier
What are the processes occurring in each part of an atom's process of releasing photons?
In absorption, the atom gains energy, in excitation, an electron, gaining more energy, ascends to the next energy shell, in emission, the energy from that electron escapes as a photon and the electron returns to its original energy shell.
Ionization energy and electronegativity both have the same increases and decreases. What are they?
As groups increase, they increase, but as periods increase, they decrease.
What is electronegativity?
The tendency for an atom to pull another atom's electron to itself.
How did Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg elaborate on atomic theory?
Niels Bohr discovered energy shells, and Werner Heisenburg discovered that electrons can neither just be waves nor particles, so in some ways, they're both.