Atomic Structure
Isotopes and Ions
States of matter and State changes
Latent Heat
Organization of the Periodic Table
100

What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

100

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

100

What are the three common states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas

100

What does the term “latent heat” mean?

The energy required for a substance to change state without changing temperature

100

What do the rows in the periodic table represent?

Periods — they show how many electron shells an atom has

200

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

In the nucleus

200

What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost electrons

200

What happens to particle movement as temperature increases?

The particles move faster and have more kinetic energy

200

What is the formula for latent heat?

L = Q/m

200

What do the columns (groups) in the periodic table represent?

Elements with the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties

300

What does the atomic number tell you?

The number of protons in an atom

300

A carbon atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. What is its isotope notation?

 

300

What is the process called when a solid changes directly into a gas?

Sublimation

300

How much energy is needed to melt 2 kg of ice if the latent heat of fusion is 334,000 J/kg

668000J

300

What are the elements on the far right of the periodic table called?

Noble gases

400

If an atom has 11 protons and 10 electrons, what is its overall charge?

+1

400

Sodium forms an ion with a +1 charge. What happened to its electrons?

It lost one electron

400

Explain what happens to temperature during melting or boiling.

Temperature stays constant while the substance changes state

400

Why does temperature not increase while a substance is melting?

Energy is used to break intermolecular bonds, not increase kinetic energy

400

Why are the alkali metals (Group 1) very reactive?

They have one valence electron that is easily lost

500

Explain why atoms are electrically neutral.

Because they have an equal number of protons (positive) and electrons (negative)

500

Chlorine has two common isotopes: Cl-35 and Cl-37. The average atomic mass is 35.45 amu. Which isotope is more abundant?

Cl-35 (because the average is closer to 35)

500

Compare the particle arrangement and movement in solids, liquids, and gases.

Solids – tightly packed, vibrate; Liquids – close but slide past; Gases – far apart, move freely

500

Water has a latent heat of vaporization of 2.26×10^6 J/kg. How much heat is needed to evaporate 0.5 kg of water?

1.13 x 10 ^6 J

500

Explain why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

They have the same number of valence electrons, causing similar bonding behavior

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