States of Matter
Which state of matter has definite shape and volume?
solid
What do we call the process of liquid becoming gas?
evaporation (boiling)
What are the main crystal shapes? Name at least 2.
cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, monoclinic, triclinic
What is density?
a measure of the amount of matter in a substance compared to its volume
What is Boyle's Gas Law?
At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.
Which state of matter has fixed volume, but no definite shape?
liquid
What do we call the process of solid becoming liquid?
What are the main types of lattice structures? Name at least 2.
giant atomic, giant ionic, giant metallic, molecular
What are intermolecular forces?
the forces that exist between molecules, which explain properties like elasticity, surface tension, and viscosity
What is Charles' Gas Law?
At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is proportional to the temperature.
Which state of matter has no fixed volume or shape?
gas
What do we call the process of gas becoming liquid?
condensing
What are two methods of crystallization?
allowing a solvent to evaporate and placing a seed crystal in a supersaturated solution
What is adhesion?
the intermolecular force of attraction between molecules within different substances
What is Avogadro's Law?
Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
What is the fourth state of matter?
plasma
What do we call the process of solid becoming gas?
sublimation
What causes crystals to form a definite shape?
the arrangement of their atoms or ions
What is surface tension?
the skin-like properties of a liquid's surface due to intermolecular forces
What is Dalton's law of partial pressure?
The sum of the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is equal to the total pressure.
When does the plasma state of matter occur?
only at very high temperatures
What do we call the process of gas becoming solid?
deposition
What is cleavage?
the splitting of a crystal along a certain plane
What is elasticity?
the ability of a substance to stretch and then return to its original shape
What is Graham's law of diffusion?
The faster a gas diffuses, the lower its density, and vice versa.