Basics
What is the octet rule?
The tendency for atoms to react to obtain 8valence electrons.
What is IMF?
Attraction between molecules
A bond formed when two nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Covalent bonding
Draw the Lewis dot diagrams for the following polyatomic ions:
(a) NH4+
(b) SO42-
Check page 217 in the chem book 👌
What is another name for a polar molecule?
A dipole
How does the difference in electronegativity values determine the type of bond formed between atoms?
The difference in electronegativity values between two atoms determines the type of bond formed by indicating how equally the electrons are shared; a small difference indicates a mostly covalent bond (electrons shared fairly equally), while a large difference indicates an ionic bond (electrons transferred almost completely from one atom to the other)
Intermolecular forces
What is iconic bonding?
A bond between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of electrons.
Ionic bond formation depends on the arrangement of _________
(1)molecule
(4)kernel
(3)
a molecule with a symmetrical arrangement of atoms and an even distribution of charge.
What’s a non polar molecule?
What occurs when an atom of chlorine and an atom of hydrogen become a molecule of hydrogen chloride?
(a) a chemical bond is formed and energy is released.
(b) a chemical bond is broken and energy is released.
(c) a chemical bond is formed and energy is absorbed.
(d) a chemical bond is broken and energy is absorbed.
(1)
Dipole attractions
Attractions between the slightly positive side of one polar molecule and the slightly negative side of another.
What are metallic bonds?
The bond holding metal atoms together, caused by strong attractions of the positive metal ions formed mobile valence electrons.
Which pair of characteristics describe the molecule illustrated below? (H2O)
(1) asymmetrical and polar
(2) asymmetrical and non polar
(3) symmetrical and polar
(4) symmetrical and non polar
(1)
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule with a slightly positive side (or pole) and a slightly negative side.
List all the intermolecular forces we’ve learned about so far (4)
London Dispersion Forces (Van der Waals Forces)
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Hydrogen Bonds
Molecule ion attraction
What are dispersion forces?
Weak attractions between temporary dipoles created by the shifting of electrons within the electron clouds.
What are chemical bonds?
Strong attractive forces that hold atoms together and formed when valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another, shares between atoms to attain or mobile within a metallic crystal.
1. Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for CCl4.
2. in terms of structure and/or distribution of charge, explain why CCl4 is classified as a non polar molecule.
1. See answer on 243
2. Because it has a symmetrical structure leading to cancelation of dipole moments.
What is the difference between polar and non polar covalent bonds?
A polar covalent bond involves unequal sharing of electrons between atoms due to a difference in their electronegativity, while a nonpolar covalent bond involves equal sharing of electrons between atoms with similar electronegativity.