Who is Mr. Lewis?
What is the first step when drawing a Lewis structure?
Find the total number of valence electrons
What is the primary reason atoms form chemical bonds?
To become more stable
The valency of nitrogen is 3. This is best explained by the fact that nitrogen:
Has 5 valence electrons and needs 3 more to complete its octet
In a molecule of HCl, the chlorine atom carries a partial negative charge (δ-) because:
It has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen
Metallic bonding is best described as:
A lattice of positive ions in a "sea" of delocalized electrons
In a Lewis structure for an ion, how do you account for a -1 charge?
Add one electron to the total count
The bond length is best defined as the distance between two nuclei where:
The potential energy is at a minimum
A double bond consists of:
Two shared electron pairs
Ionic compounds have high melting points because:
They have a strong crystal lattice structure
Which property of metals is NOT explained by the "sea of electrons" model?
Transparency
In a molecule, which atom is typically placed in the center of a Lewis structure?
The least electronegative atom
A covalent bond most commonly forms between:
Two non-metal atoms
Which notation uses a single line (-) to represent a shared pair of electrons?
Couper Notation
Ionic compounds conduct electricity only when molten or dissolved because:
The ions are free to move
The VSEPR theory states that molecular shapes are determined by:
The repulsion between electron domains
How many valence electrons should be shown in the Lewis structure for H₂O?
8
How are electrons involved in a covalent bond?
They are shared between two atoms.
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to:
Attract shared electrons in a bond
A dative covalent bond occurs when:
One atom donates both shared electrons
According to VSEPR theory, a molecule with four bonding pairs and zero lone pairs on the central atom will have a ______ shape.
Tetrahedral
In the final Lewis structure for water (H₂O), how many lone pairs are on the oxygen atom?
2
They are shared between two atoms.
The transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
A bond where electrons are shared equally is called:
A non-polar bond
In the reaction NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺, the N in NH₃ acts as a:
Lewis base
Who is the best football team in America?
Cowboys