Electron Domain
What is an electron domain?
This is the region around an atom where electrons are likely to be found and can be a bonding or lone pair.
What is Formal Charge= Valence electrons−Nonbonding electrons−1/2 x Bonding electrons
This is the formula used to calculate the formal charge on an atom in a molecule.
What is 120°?
In a molecule with a trigonal planar electron geometry, the bond angle between atoms is approximately this.
What are sigma bonds?
The hybridization of the central atom in a molecule determines the number and types of this, which affect the molecular shape and bond angles.
What is linear?
This molecular geometry occurs when there are 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs on the central atom, resulting in a straight line.
What is linear?
In the VSEPR theory, this shape corresponds to a molecule with 2 electron domains around the central atom.
What is 0?
The sum of the formal charges in a neutral molecule must always equal this value.
What is 90°?
In a molecule with 6 electron domains around the central atom, such as in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the bond angles are approximately this.
What is sp2-hybridization?
This hybridization occurs when one s-orbital and two p-orbitals combine to form a trigonal planar geometry.
What is trigonal planar?
A molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs on the central atom has this molecular geometry.
What is trigonal planar?
This geometry type occurs when a molecule has 3 electron domains.
What is a negative formal charge?
This type of charge is assigned to an atom when it has more electrons than its valence electron count, resulting in a negative formal charge.
What is 109.5°?
In the water molecule (H2O), the bond angle is less than this due to the presence of two lone pairs of oxygen.
What is sp-hybridization?
This type of hybridization occurs when one s-orbital and one p-orbital combine, leading to a linear molecular geometry.
What is tetrahedral?
This molecular geometry results from 4 bonding pairs around a central atom and has bond angles of approximately 109.5°.
What is tetrahedral?
When a molecule has 4 electron domains, the electron geometry is described as this.
What is 0?
In general, atoms in a molecule are most stable when their formal charge is this value.
What is 180°?
In a molecule with a linear geometry, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), the bond angle is exactly this.
What is sp3-hybridization?
This hybridization occurs when one s-orbital and three p-orbitals combine, forming a tetrahedral geometry.
What is trigonal pyramidal?
When there are 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair on the central atom, the molecular geometry is this.
What is trigonal pyramidal?
This molecular shape occurs when there are 4 electron domains, but one is a lone pair.
What is the most stable structure?
This is the preferred Lewis structure for a molecule, which minimizes formal charges and maximizes bonding.
What is ammonia (NH3)?
This molecule has an ideal bond angle of 109.5°, but due to lone pair repulsion, the bond angle is slightly reduced.
What is sp3d-hybridization?
This type of hybridization results in a molecular geometry with 5 electron domains, such as in phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), and involves one s-orbital and three p-orbitals.
What is trigonal bipyramidal?
This molecular geometry occurs when there are 5 bonding pairs around the central atom, leading to a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement.