u1- lab skills, measurements
control variable and control group definition
control variable- group in experiment which a variable is not being tested
control group- group that doesn't receive new treatment being studied
what is an element, and provide an example
elements are types of atoms
example: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
equation of photosynthesis and where it takes place in, as well as its purpose
6O2 + 6H2O + sunlight (energy) --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
takes place in chloroplast
purpose: to make food (sugar) for plants
during photosynthesis, carbon levels ______ while oxygen levels __________
DECREASE, INCREASE
purpose of decomposition
recycle nutrients, clears dead matter, helps soil enrichment, energy flow of ecosystem, and releases carbon into atmosphere (carbon cycle)
responding/dependent variable & independent/manipulative variable
responding/dependent variable- what scientists measure as a result of test variable
independent/manipulative variable- manipulated variable to explore its effects
if ethanol is burned in a closed container, what happens to the level of CO2 in the container and the amount of atoms?
CO2 level: INCREASE
amount of atoms: the same
equation of cellular respiration and where it takes place in, as well as its purpose
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6O2 + 6H2O + APT
takes place in mitochondria
purpose: get energy for cells so they can do their functions
plants take __________ gas for photosynthesis and ________gas for cellular respiration
CO2, O2
which of the following are sources of energy for plants?
1. water
2. light
3. air
4. nutrients in soil
5. they make their own energy
light
3 rules of matter and energy
1. Energy can't be created or destroyed, only converted between forms.
2. Matter can't be created or destroyed, only transformed
3. Matter and energy are interchangeable (E = mc²)
definition of atom, molecule, and compound:
atom- basic building blocks of all matter
molecule- covalent compound
compound- combination of two or more atoms
what animals use as food?
1. fats
2. carbon dioxide
3. water
4. proteins
5. minerals
6. oxygen
7. carbohydrates
8. vitamins
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
why do plants experience loss in mass after being in the dark?
because photosynthesis can't happen in the dark
cellular respiration happens, so sugar turns into CO2 and H2O, and gets lost in air
1. does decomposition require organisms?
2. are decomposers found in soil and organic matter?
3. which 2 organisms begin decomposition process?
yes
yes
bacteria and fungi
when a flame burns, where are the atoms moving?
what does it mean if BTB is blue, and yellow?
If a container of BTB is in the closed container of burned ethanol (see u2 200), what will happen to it?
Yellow BTB: carbon
Blue BTB: no carbon
BTB goes from blue to yellow
what performs cellular respiration
photosynthesis: organisms that contain chlorophyll. mainly plants (leaves), algae, cyanobacteria
cellular respiration: all living things
what elements do these molecules have?
lipid molecule-
sugar molecule-
protein molecule-
nucleic acid molecule-
CHO
CHO
CHON(S)
CHON(P)
a rabbit dies in the woods. it is hiding in a bush. how could a carbon atom in the rabbit become a carbon atom inside a plant?
1. rabbit is decomposed by decomposers
2. carbon in rabbit is released into the air as carbon dioxide
3. plants use the carbon dioxide to do photosynthesis and make glucose
4. therefore, carbon is in the plant
label the following as atoms, molecules, inorganic, organic, or all of them-
CO2-
methane-
carbon-
water-
oxygen-
CO2- molecule, inorganic
methane- molecule, inorganic
carbon- atom, inorganic
water- molecule, inorganic
oxygen- atom/molecule, inorganic
when alcohol burns, what energy is produced in flame, and why? does it lose mass or gain mass, and why?
heat and light energy are produced
since the alcohol reacts with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide and water
it loses mass because when alcohol burns in oxygen, CO2 and H2O are produced
steps of aerobic cellular respiration
1. glycolysis- starts with glucose, ends with pyruvate
2. krebs cycle- starts with pryruvate, ends with CO2
3. electron transport chain- starts with O2, H+ (protons), electrons, ends with H2O
ATP is produced in all steps, but large amount is generated at 3rd step
1. what are 2 main molecules plants make?
plant leaf cells, plant root cells, human muscle cells, human brain cells
2. which of the 4 conduct cellular respiration?
3. and which of the 4 conduct photosynthesis?
1. lipids and proteins
2. all of the above
3. plant leaf cells
TRUE OR FALSE
once carbon enters a plant, it can
1. exit plant as CO2
2. become part of the plant cell walls, protein, fat, and DNA
3. be consumed by an insect feeding on the plant and become part of the insects body
4. be converted to energy for plant growth
5. become part of soil organic matter when parts of the plants die and fall off the plant
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE