Framing the Assessment
The rapid model
is used when time and money are lacking for a needs assesment
Expressed needs
Can be observed through an individual's use of services such as an exercise class taken by older adults at a senior center
Partners
are either individuals or organizations that bring knowledge, skills, or resources to the table and are willing to share risks, responsibilities, and rewards
is an educational initiative designed to prepare professionals to protect and improve the health of populations through a variety of approaches, such as disease prevention, health education, and policy development
programs
Planning a program
When a health education specialist is planning a program, they must use evidence to make decisions. Types of evidence-informed sources can range from objective (systematic reviews) to subjective (personal experience observations
The epidemiological Model
focused on epidemiological data (death rates, prevalence rate, birth rates, etc).
Actual needs
It may be inferred through the discrepancy of services provided to one community group as compared to another
Stake Holders
Those who affect and are affected by change, and those who have ian nterest in the results and/or what would be done with the results
practicies
apply scientific knowledge to improve community health through activities like disease surveillance, emergency response, and developing health-promoting policies
Evidence-Informed Resources
Health education specialists identify the needs of the priority population through a review of the current literature
The social model
is useful to investigate social or political issues that influence health
perceived needs
Refer to what individuals in a community state that they want, such as more healthy food choices in schools
Benefits of Partnership
Meeting the needs of the priority population
sharing financial resources
solving a problem or achieving a goal that is a priority for several partners
bringing more credibility to the program
seeing and solving probelms from multiple perspectives
partnering, coalitions
Should be considered for a larger community-wide initiative that requires intense, complex, detailed effort
Primary Data Resources
A variety of methods can be used to collect primary data. Samples of primary data sources include individual
What must a health education specialist consider?
Health education specialists also must consider health equity and social-ecological influences in their assessment process to fully understand the needs of their community.
Relative needs
Describe a discrepancy between an individual's or group's current states and that of others, such as smoke-free environment in restaurants among different cities.
McKenzie et al suggested,
including the following constituents in the planning committee
Members of the priority population
both doers and influencers,
members of the agency
other important stakeholders
Butterfoss (2013) indicated that
For coalitions to be successful, they need to use principles of collective impact conditions that include:
a common goal
shared measurement
mutually reinforcing
continuous communication
priority population
groups that are at higher risk for poor health outcomes, such as those facing socioeconomic challenges, specific age groups, racial and ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities or chronic conditions
Health equity
the principle that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to achieve their highest level of health
Planning process
Involving those who will be impacted by the health promotion program/intervention at the very beginning of the planning process is critical.
Gilmore (2012) discussed two types of partnering efforts,
advisory, committees, and planning committees, which are both task-oriented and critical throughout the process
Assessment
Assessment allows health education specialists to determine what problems exist in a particular setting or with a particular group of people, as the level of capacity in the community to address the results of the assement
YRBSS
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, public health surveillance system by the CDC that collects data on health-risk behaviors among US high school students. The YRBSS, which includes the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), is used to monitor and understand behaviors like tobacco use, physical activity, dietary habits, and sexual activity to inform public health interventions and policies aimed at improving adolescent health.