Cardiac Causes
What is the term for chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia but not associated with acute coronary syndrome?
Stable Angina
Name 3 common pulmonary causes of chest pain.
PE, pneumonia, pneumothorax
What is the first-line treatment for stable angina?
Nitroglycerin
Which coronary artery supplies the right ventricle and the inferior part of the interventricular septum?
RCA
What must be on your differential diagnosis when a patient comes in with sudden onset, "tearing" chest pain?
Aortic dissection
What is the most common cause of musculoskeletal chest pain?
Costochondritis
Name two syndromes associated with aortic dissection.
Turner Syndrome and Marfan Syndrome
In which lead on an ECG would you look for ST-segment elevation indicative of myocardial infarction involving the anterior wall of the heart?
Leads V1-V4
What medication is used for pain relief in acute pericarditis?
NSAIDs
What is the name of the specialized cardiac muscle fibers responsible for rapidly conducting electrical impulses throughout the ventricles?
Purkinje fibers
Which condition may present with chest pain that worsens with deep breathing and is associated with a friction rub on auscultation?
Pericarditis
Which GI condition, that is more common in women, can mimic cardiac chest pain and is often associated with dysphagia and odynophagia?
Esophageal spasm
What population is Prinzmetal angina more common in?
Young women
What is the name of the structures that attach the AV valves to the papillary muscles within the ventricles?
Chordae Tendineae
What imaging modality is used to confirm the diagnosis of aortic dissection in a hemodynamically stable patient?
CT angiography
What is the first-line intervention for a patient with acute coronary syndrome, such as a confirmed acute MI?
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
What should be on your differential diagnosis if a patient presents with chest pain described as "tingling", "pins-and-needles sensation", or "burning"
Herpes-Zoster
A patient was admitted to the hospital for a STEMI and underwent cardiac catheterization with stent placement. What medications will he be discharged from the hospital with?
1. DAPT: Aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel, tricagrelor)
2. Statin
3. ACE- Inhibitor or ARB
4. Beta Blocker
5. Aldosterone Antagonist (Spironolactone, eplerenone)
What is the name of the muscular bundles which project from the inner surface of the atria?
Pectinate muscles
Generally, what is the most common cause of a false-positive troponin elevation?
Renal failure