The Heart
Cause of LHF (name 3)
What are Hypertension, aortic & Mitral Valve Disease,, MI-Damaged heart muscle, Dysrhythmias, Diseased/infected heart muscle
A radiology study that may be one of the first diagnostic studies to detect heart failure.
What is a chest xray?
Furosemide is often a first line treatment for heart failure. What is the specific drug classification of this medication?
What is a loop diuretic?
They say this is always good.
What is oxygen?
Nursing interventions for decreased cardiac output
assessment s/s HF
bed rest
HOB elevated
Causes of RHF (name 3)
What are ASD, COPD, LHF, Pulmonary Valve disease, Pulmonary hypertension?
Laboratory study that is specific to the diagnosis of heart failure.
What is BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)?
A common side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
What is a dry cough?
When the heart is working hard and is in distress, it is necessary to allow the patient periods of ______ during ADLs.
What is rest?
Nursing interventions for activity intolerance
What are rest, space activities, assistance with ADLs, assistive devices,
S/S of LHF (name 5)
What are
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (shallow>deep>apnea)
Crackles(fluid in alveoli), wheezing (bronchial fluid)
Cyanosis (LATE)
Dry hacking cough, especially when supine (fluid from legs to lungs)
Dyspnea on exertion
Nocturia
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (lying flat)
Tachypnea, tachycardia
Nursing priorities when caring for a patient after a transesophageal echo.
What is assessment for gag reflex, monitor for bleeding
This class of drugs has a SNS effect and not only decreases the heart rate, but also decreases blood pressure .
What is a beta blocker?
When administering diuretics, it is our responsibility to monitor labs. What electrolyte when abnormal makes you think HEART?
What is potassium?
Nursing interventions for excess fluid volume
daily weight, I/Os, fluid restrictions, decrease sodium, assess for edema
S/S of RHF (name 5)
What are
Ascites
Dependent peripheral edema (legs, sacral,
Fatigue, weakness
Gastrointestinal (e.g., anorexia, nausea, pain)
Hepatomegaly
Jugular vein distention
Nocturia (fluid back to circulation when lying down)
Splenomegaly
Tachycardia (↓CO, SNS response)
Weight gain
Malnutrition (ascites, GI s/s)
The most significant electrolyte to monitor while on diuretics. Identify how the different types of diuretics affect this electrolyte.
What is potassium?
Loop - hypo
K sparing - hyper
This inotropic drug slows the heart rate, and increases the contractility of the heart muscle.
What is digoxin (Lanoxin)?
these are potential complications after a heart transplant
What are Rejection, infection, malignancies, Anti-rejection medicine side effects (cataracts, high cholesterol, diabetes, kidney disease, and osteoporosis)
The client tells you that the best way to help correct symptoms related to edema is to decrease potassium in the diet. What nursing problem would be appropriate for this client?
What is knowledge deficit?
Define preload, afterload, and cardiac output
What is
preload volume at the end of diastole (stretch)
afterload is force ventricle needs to eject blood (squeeze)
CO is blood pumped out of the heart in 1 minute
This diagnostic exam uses ultrasound to examine images of the heart chambers and valves to determine any abnormalities and the ejection fraction. <40% indicates HF
What is an echocardiogram?
What is vasodilator?
Nursing interventions for impaired gas exchange
What are oxygen, position, cough and deep breathing exercises, resp assessment?