A&P
Valves
CHF Basics
CHF Meds
Cardiac Misc
100
How many chambers are in the heart?
4
100
What is the antidote for coumadin (Warfarin)?
Vitamin K
100
This test estimates an individuals ejection fraction
Echocardiogram (also known as TTE)
100
This class of medication typically is used as a first line agent in CHF patients and ends in the suffix "-pril"
ACE-I (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)
Examples: LisinoPRIL, captoPRIL, enalaPRIL
100
This is the antidote for digoxin
Digifab
200
Which organ(s) suggests a change in blood pressure and stimulates the RAAS system?
Kidneys
200
What is the most common nursing assessment that indicates a valve abnormality is present?
Murmur
200
Right sided heart failure is also known as this
Cor pulmonale
200
These are the two most common side effects with
ACE-I usage
Angioedema and liver dysfunction (always check liver panel before administering if ordered)
200
Endocarditis affects this location most commonly
Valves
300
What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV)?
Tricuspid valve
300
True or false: Both valve insufficiency and valve stenosis can cause heart failure.
True
300
What is the desired EF?
50-70%
300
What electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with the administration of lasix (if not treated)?
Hypokalemia
300
Warfarin INR goal
2.5-3.5
400
What are the three layers of heart tissue (from innermost to outermost layer).
endocardium - myocardium - epicardium - pericardium
400
Which valve is the only bicuspid valve?
Mitral
400
True or false: right sided heart failure is defined as the inability of the left ventricle to adequately pump blood to the periphery
False (left sided HF)
400
Spironolactone promotes the excretion of these two things (HINT: one is a substance, another is electrolyte).
Water (H20) and sodium (Na)
Blocks the action of aldosterone (aldosterone is responsible for retaining H20 and Na, so if you aren't able to retain these then they are excreted)
400
Someone with HFrEF has an EF of what?
Less than or equal to 40%
500
List the pathway of blood through the heart including oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood
Deoxygenated: SVC/IVC - RA - tricuspid valve - RV - pulmonic valve - pulmonary artery - lungs
Oxygenated: pulmonary veins - LA - mitral - LV - aortic valve - aorta
500
What is the difference in management for patient with a prosthetic valve vs. mechanical valve?
Prosthetic: Lasts 10-20 years (may eventually need replacement), no lifelong AC
Mechanical valve: Lasts lifetime, requires lifelong anticoagulation
500
What are three symptoms seen with right sided heart failure?
Dependent Edema
Distended Jugular Veins
Weight Gain
Ascites
Decreased appetite
Fatigue
Dizziness
S3/S4 heart sound
500
Metoprolol and bisoprolol differ from carvedilol due to the beta receptors they block. What is the difference between a beta-1 blocker (metoprolol and bisoprolol) and beta-2 blocker (carvedilol)?
Beta-1 are CARDIOSELECTIVE, meaning the majority of their effects are on the heart. Therefore you won't see systemic vasodilatory effects or bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction that you may see with non-selective, or beta-2 receptor blockers, such as carvedilol.
500
What are the three components of Beck's triad (cardiac tamponafe)?
Hypotension
Muffled Heart sounds
Severe JVD (jugular vein distention)