Empire, Nation Building, Military & Peaceful Conquest
The British empire's ideological approach to land use in the new world
What is speculation
This state-run labor program brought almost 5 million Mexican workers to the US (1942-1964)
What is the Bracero Program?
The assimilationist/reformist organization founded by Ben Garza in 1929
What is the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
This is the name of the town in Texas where La Raza Unida party was founded by José Ángel Gutiérrez and others
What is Crystal City
Oboler's critique of pan-ethnic labels like "Hispanic"
What is "obscure rather than clarify"
How Juan González characterizes modern US - Latin American (economic) relations
What is peaceful conquest
The name of the modernization & wealth extraction program instituted by the US in Puerto Rico in the 1940s-1970s
What is Operation Bootstrap / Manos a la Obra
This organization was founded when Latinx veterans came home after fighting WWII and in Korea to find continued segregation
What is the GI Forum
This Puerto Rican youth organization was founded in the 1960s in Chicago and modeled after the Blank Panthers
What is the Young Lords Organization (YLO)
The four stages of racialization identified by Victor M. Rodríguez Domínguez
What is (1) subordination; (2) institutional arrangements; (3) assigned a racial status; (4) crystallization
The foreign policy issued in 1823 by President James Monroe, warning the European powers not to interfere in the Americas
What is the Monroe Doctrine
The largest airborne migration ever was from this territory to the US--40,000 in 1946 became 1 million by 1960, "pioneers of the modern Latino Diaspora"
What is Puerto Rico
Mexican nationals could only join this organization as honorary members
What is LULAC
Poet and activist Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales founded this organization in Denver, where during the 1969 conference the Plan Espiritual de Aztlán was developed
What is the Crusade for Justice
He was elected mayor of San Antonio in 1842, chased out by white settlers and forced to flee to Mexico, and is known as the forgotten father of Latino politics
Who is Juan Seguín
The name of the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War in 1848
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Survivors of the Bracero Program and their families were featured in this 2010 documentary
What is Harvest of Loneliness
This organization has been non-partisan for almost 100 years but in 2024 did endorse a presidential candidate
What is LULAC
In April 1969, at UC Santa Barbara, this manifesto demanding Chicano Studies programs on all college campuses was formed
What is El Plan de Santa Barbara
A BIPOC student coalition at UC San Diego demanded this Third College be established with 35% Black and 35% Brown student admissions
What is the Lumumba-Zapata College
This Mexican dictator sold massive concessions to foreign investors, contributing to US control of the Mexican economy in a process that involved (1) building Mexican railroads; (2) investing US capital in mining; (3) modernization programs in Mexican agriculture; and (4) massive forced displacement of Mexican campesinos and workers
Who was Porfirio Diaz
This was once the richest colony in US history, according to Juan González, because it once served as a tax haven for U.S. corporations
What is Puerto Rico
This veteran fought and died in WWII but due to racist policies at the time was not allowed to be buried in his local cemetary
Who was Felix Longoria
This student group was started in 1969, fought for inclusion of Chicano Studies programs, and still exists today all over the country including here in Madison
What is Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán (MEChA)
This is the categorical system used by the Spanish in Latin America to create castes, based on the idea of mixed blood, mainly Spanish and Native.
What is mestizaje