Theorists
Jean Piaget's four stages of development
What is sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational?
Zone of Proximal Development
What is is the range of tasks a person can't complete independently but can accomplish with support?
Brain development in early childhood
What is a period of rapid growth and change, with 90% of brain development occurring before the age of five. This period is crucial for laying the foundation for future learning, behavior, and health. Massive neural connections are formed, and experiences shape how a child's brain develops.
Secure
What is warm loving relationships, honest communication, and strong emotional management?
Authoritarian Teaching Style
What is a balance of high expectations and resposiveness?
In Vygotsky's Theory, _______ is important for cognitive development
What is the role of social interaction and culture?
Scaffolding
What is the temporary support provided to students to help them learn new concepts or skills. It's a process where teachers provide guidance and assistance to bridge the gap between what a student can do independently and what they can achieve with help. This support is gradually reduced as the student becomes more proficient, ultimately enabling them to work independently?
Need for a healthy brain
What are physical activity, mental stimulation through learning and puzzles, adequate sleep, a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, strong social connections, and managing stress and other health conditions like high blood pressure? Engaging in these habits protects against cognitive decline, boosts memory and mood, and improves overall brain function.
Avoidant
What is emotionally distant behavior, value independence, prefer solitude, and avoid conflict and discussions?
Most important skills for teaching
What is one of the most important skills for teachers is communication, as it is essential for engaging students, collaborating with colleagues, and sharing progress with parents. Effective communication allows teachers to convey information clearly, build trust, provide constructive feedback, and tailor lessons to different learning styles, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and effective learning environment for students.
Sternberg's Theory of Intelligence
What is intelligence that is not a single entity but rather a combination of three distinct, yet interrelated, aspects: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence?
Bloom's Taxonomy
What is a hierarchical framework used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity, from basic recall to higher-order thinking?
(Create, Evaluate, Analyze, Apply, Understand, Remember)
What is a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and sufficient sleep. Encourage new hobbies and creative pursuits like music or art to build new brain circuits. Support learning through challenging classes and reading, and teach stress management techniques. Limit screen time and foster a supportive, safe environment with opportunities for independence and healthy decision-making?
Anxious
What is insecure relationships, argumentative and controlling behavior, and struggles with personal boundaries?
Promote social emotional learning in the art classroom
What is creating a safe and inclusive environment, integrate SEL into the curriculum, teach and model emotional literacy, and encourage empathy? Implementing these strategies alongside academic learning helps students develop crucial life skills such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making.
Kohlberg's theory of development
What is Kohlberg's stages of moral development which outlines a theory of how individuals develop their sense of morality. It proposes three levels, each with two stages, that describe the progression of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional?
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model
What is also known as the Bioecological Model, he proposed that human development is influenced by a nested system of environmental factors. These systems range from the immediate environment to broader cultural and historical contexts, all interacting to shape an individual's development.
Toxic Stress
What alters the child's developing brain architecture, leading to problems with learning, behavior, mental and physical health?
It causes the stress response system to remain overactivated, leading to changes in brain regions like the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while increasing the size of fear centers like the amygdala. This disruption can result in reduced cognitive abilities, difficulties with self-control, anxiety, and an increased risk of chronic diseases later in life.
What is difficulty in emotional regulation, memories of trauma cause fear and confusion, and aggressive and antisocial behaviors may manifest?
Trauma Informed Classroom
What is a learning environment designed to be sensitive to the potential impact of traumatic experiences on students, focusing on creating a safe, supportive, and predictable space where students feel secure enough to learn and develop, regardless of their past experiences? This approach acknowledges that students who have experienced trauma may exhibit behaviors stemming from their past, and it prioritizes understanding and responding to those behaviors in a way that promotes healing and resilience.
Eric Erickson's stage during adolescence in his psychosocial theory of development.
What is identity versus confusion?
Culture
What is not just a set of rules and practices, but a dynamic system of shared meanings that individuals use to understand and interact in the world.
Good Stress
What is also known as positive stress, involves mild, short-term challenges that are manageable with adult support, helping a child's brain develop resilience, problem-solving skills, and confidence to meet future challenges?
These beneficial stressors strengthen neural pathways, allowing the brain to adapt and grow, rather than hindering development like severe, prolonged "toxic stress". Examples of positive stress include starting a new school year or learning a new skill, which, with a supportive caregiver, help prepare a child's brain for a lifetime of learning and coping.
Strategies to Improve Attachment issues
What is self awareness, seeking therapy, and enhancing one's communication skills?
Metacognition Strategies
What involves teaching students to "think about their thinking" to improve learning, focusing on planning, monitoring, and evaluating one's own learning process, ultimately fostering self-awareness and self-regulation? By understanding how they learn best, students can become more efficient and independent learners.