Types of Development
The changes in size, body composition, chemical make-up, and height that occur as humans develop from birth to adulthood.
Physical Development
In Kohlberg's first level of moral development, people make decisions based on what?
Punishment or Reward
He believed that what happens in early life affects a person for years to come.
Sigmund Freud
Babies in this stage of cognitive development begin to learn with their mouths and other senses.
Sensorimotor
Development occurs in an __________ manner. For example, children learn their alphabet before they can read.
orderly
These motor skills involve large muscle movements such as crawling, walking, and jumping.
Gross-motor skills.
This type of research gathering (data collection) method occurs when a researcher has a prepared set of questions to ask the subject and engages in direct communication.
Interview
He labeled the adolescence state of psychosocial development Identity vs Identity Confusion.
Erik Erikson
In this Erikson's stage of psychosocial development, caregivers must meet their baby's needs including food, attention, physical contact, and safety.
Trust vs Mistrust
Human development is orderly, __________, and interrelated. In fact, some changes take years to complete.
gradual
These motor-skills involve small muscle movements such as cutting with scissors.
Fine motor-skills.
Laboratory setting and Natural setting or two types of this research gathering (data collection) method.
Observation
He recognized that children don't think like adults. When children think the moon is following them or that babies are delivered at the front door, their beliefs make sense to them based on their limited experiences.
Piaget
In this stage of cognitive development, individuals become more logical and can process abstract thoughts.
Formal Operational
Although development is orderly and predictable, the outcomes and rate of development vary by individual based on these two factors.
Heredity and Environment.
This type of development refers to changes in the way a person's relationships, feelings, and ways of coping change over time.
Socio-emotional Development
Longitudinal Studies
Demonstrated the idea of behaviorism through his infamous experiment with a dog.
Ivan Pavlov
Ideas about how people process information, think, and learn are called _________ theories.
cognitive
The debate between genetic versus environmental influences on development is often called ________ vs _________.
Nature vs. Nurture
Part of _____________ development is the advance and expansion of the use of language.
Cognitive
_________-__________ studies are conducted when researchers want to compare groups of various age at the same time.
Cross-sectional
Researcher who believed that children are social beings and develop their minds through interactions with parents, teachers, and other knowledgeable people.
Vygotsky
_____________ believe that nurture wins the nature vs. nurture debate because they believe that people's behavior is determined by forces in the environment.
Behaviorists or Behaviorism
The teacher or parent-directed method of learning is often referred to as ___________.
pedagogy