Piaget's Stages
Egocentrism occurs in this time
What is Preoperational Stage
Vygotsky believed all learning and ideas begin in the social world and that learning is culturally based. This led to his theory of?
What is Sociocultural Theory?
A foundation for learning academic skills that allows a child to control their own behavior?
What is executive function?
This assessment uses complex problems that assess real-life skills.
What is authentic assessment?
The formal name for cooing that babies do when interacting with caregivers.
What is protoconversations?
Object permanence occurs in this stage
What is Sensorimotor stage
Vygotsky initially began his work with?
Who were children with physical and mental impairments?
An encoding process where they create extra connections and tie bits of information together.
What is elaboration?
Reliability, validity, and norms are benefits of this type of assessment?
Genie Wiley was a child who missed out on language development during this?
What is a critical period for language learning?
A new ability emerges called hypothetico-deductive reasoning where people begin to things about hypothetical and not just concrete ideas
What is concrete operations
Vygotsky's idea that children should be tested twice, once on their own and then with support. This determines their what?
What is a zone of proximal development?
This affects how the brain grows and working memory is? It allows the effective and efficient memory retrieval.
What is information processing speed?
This type of intelligence allows us to solve novel problems for which we have little training and is measured by how effectively we solve problems and by how quickly.
What is fluid intelligence?
The special way we talk to infants and young children in a high-pitched voice with lots of expression and a sing-song rhythm is called?
What is child-directed speech?
Adolescent egocentrism emerges
Formal concrete operations
Who further developed Vygotsky's idea of ZPD which is known as scaffolding?
Who was Jerome Bruner?
Most people can't recall events before age 3 due to this
What is infantile amnesia?
This is a measure of of the knowledge we already have and can draw on to solve problems.
What is crystallized intelligence?
Two mechanisms for learning new words are semantic bootstrapping and syntactic bootstrapping, which one relies on children using grammar to learn meaning of new words.
What is syntactic bootstrapping?
Which culture was described as "lagging" or "slow" when researchers applied Piaget's theories and didn't take into account cultural differences?
What is non-Western.
What was an essential component of the learning process for Vygotsky?
What is private speech?
As information come in through our senses, it is retained for a very brief period of time and in it's raw form.
What is sensory memory?
Who was asked by the Minister of Public Instruction to create a test that would help identify students who could not benefit from the teaching they were receiving in their classrooms and who needed alternative teaching strategies.
Who was Alfred Binet?
While techniques such as flash cards have helped low-achieving children with cognitive disabilities, most children can benefit from this.
What is informal reading-related activities?