Children Today
Care for the mother and baby before the baby is born is called what?
Prenatal care
What happens during conception?
Sperm from the male fertilizes an egg from the female, creating a zygote
What ages are considered infancy?
Birth to 1 year old
What ages are considered toddlers?
1-3 years old
What ages are considered the preschool ages?
3-5 years old
What does the acronym PIES stand for in child development?
P-physical
I- intellectual
E- emotional
S- social
Where does conception take place in the female?
Fallopian tubes
What is the fastest growing organ in an infant's body?
The brain
True or false. Toddlers grow faster than infants.
False
Describe why play is so important for preschool children.
When children play, they learn about the world around them, themselves, and others. Play also promotes progression in all areas of development.
What is the difference between small motor skills and large motor skills? Give an example of each.
Small- using small muscle areas (hands and fingers) to complete tasks. Ex- buttons, zippers, using scissors, etc.
Large- using large muscle areas (legs and arms) to complete tasks. Ex- walking, running, jumping, climbing, riding a bike, etc.
How many trimesters are in an average human pregnancy? How long is each trimester?
3 trimesters, 12 weeks long.
Define fontanels. What is the function of fontanels?
Fontanels are soft spots on an infant's head where the skull is not closed. They allow for growth of the infant’s brain and skull.
What is the name for the small motor skill that involves using the thumb and pointer finger to grasp food and other objects.
The pincer grasp
What is the difference between quiet play and active play? Give an example of each.
Active play includes activities where children are up and being physically active such as running, jump rope, playing tag, etc. (large motor)
Quiet play includes activities where children are seated quietly focused on their task at hand such as reading, doing a puzzle, playing with clay, etc.
What are the two factors that influence growth and development? Briefly describe each one.
Heredity- traits passed down through generations (genetics)
Environment- physical surroundings of a child (home life, school life, social life)
Describe the APGAR Test. What does it check and when is it performed?
The APGAR test checks a newborn baby's vitals such as heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, responsiveness, and skin color. It is performed 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
What is the name of the condition in which sleeping babies die suddenly without warning and for medically unexplained reasons
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
How should the toys children play with change as they grow and develop? Explain your reasoning.
Play should be tailored to the developmental age of the child. Tasks that are too difficult can cause children to become frustrated and lower self-esteem. Tasks that are too easy do not challenge children.
Describe the difference between parallel play and cooperative play.
Parallel play is playing next to other children, but not playing together. Cooperative play is seeking out other children to play with.
List and describe the four different styles of parenting.
Authoritarian- strict, parents make rules, kids obey
Authoritative- balance of setting boundaries and listening to children’s needs, mutual respect between parent and child
Permissive- parent is more of a friend, does not discipline children
Uninvolved/ neglectful- parents are not involved in child’s life and don’t want to be, push child away
What are the three stages of labor?
1. Dilation of cervix
2. Delivery of baby
3. Delivery of placenta
Name 3 things parents can do to protect their baby from SIDS.
Proper bedding precautions
Use car seat only for vehicle transportation
Schedule and attend regular wellness check-ups
Breastfeed babies for 7-12 months
Keep baby away from people who smoke or areas where people smoke
Toddlers tend to think in an egocentric manner. What does this mean?
Egocentric means self-centered. Toddlers think everyone thinks and feels the same way as them.
Name 3 skills reading helps develop for preschoolers.
Talking skills
Listening skills
Vocabulary skills