Babies and Toddlers
The close relationship between a baby and an important adult
What is an attachment?
If I am a 4 year old, Piaget would expect me to have reached this stage of cognitive development
What is the preoperational stage?
According to Erikson, school-agers enjoy doing projects as a way of demonstrating this.
What is industry?
Erikson believed that adolescents need to develop a sense of their identity as individuals, or else they would show this.
What is role confusion?
This theorist depicts the child in the center of a series of concentric circles.
Who is Urie Bronfenbrenner?
When a baby has this, she will search for an object even when it's moved out of sight.
What is object permanence?
According to Erikson, this is what preschoolers will feel if they do not successfully resolve the developmental task of early childhood.
What is guilt?
According to Piaget, school-agers can understand another person's viewpoint and so are no longer this.
What is egocentric?
This is what researchers call the belief that others are always watching and evaluating you, which is a common phenomenon in early adolescence.
What is the imaginary audience?
This is the age when 80-90% of infants can walk.
What is 16 months?
According to Erikson, toddlers are trying to exhibit this skill.
What is autonomy?
This is the age when you would expect a typically-developing child to be able to dress and undress independently (as long as clothes are easy to pull on and off).
What is 3?
Of the following things, this is the one that would be most unusual in a 9 year old: wetting the bed occasionally, not being able to follow 3-step directions, starting puberty.
What is not being able to follow 3-step directions?
This is the common adolescent belief that they are special and unique, and none of the challenges or consequences that affect other people will affect them.
What is the personal fable?
This is the age range when brain development is complete.
What is age 25 to 30?
These are the inborn behavior preferences and styles that differ from baby to baby and determine how they interact.
By age 5, a child should be able to count at least this high.
What is 10?
This is a type of group play that school-agers tend to enjoy that younger children are less likely to enjoy or be successful at.
What are games with rules?
This part of the adolescent's brain is not well-developed, which explains risk-taking.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
According to this theorist, children learn do things with help that are just beyond their ability to do alone.
Who is Vygotsky?
This is the developmental "milestone" that about 1/3 of babies never achieve.
What is crawling?
Of the following activities, this is the one children are least likely to be able to do before they start kindergarten: balance on one foot, skip, walk backward, or jump rope.
What is jump rope?
When researchers study children's friendships, this is the name they give to children who are never chosen as "my friend" or as "someone I don't like".
What are neglected children?
According to Piaget, about what percentage of adolescents never reach formal operations?
What is 40%? (Note: More recent researchers believe most people achieve formal operations, but are most likely to display abstract thought in areas that interest them most.
This is one of the four major components of death that young children do not understand well.
What is permanence/irreversibility? (Also acceptable: universality, non-functionality/ceasing life functions; causality)