Child development: refers to the ____________, __________________, ________________ changes that occur in human beings between birth and the beginning of adolescence.
Biological, Cognitive, and Social
100
Aristotle promoted epigenetics, which is the emergence of new structures and functions over the course of development. True or False?
True
100
What are the three main types of neurons?
Sensory, Interneuron, and Motor
100
What are the four stages of Piaget's child cognitive development theory?
Breakdown the five components of learning using sensation and perception.
Knowledge (sensation), comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis (perception is the remaining four)
200
Developmental __________ are social constructs manipulated by social and cultural norms. (childhood, adolescence, adulthood)
STAGES not categories. Categories are universal/ Experience expectant- meaning experienced by all (biological, cognitive, social)
200
_______ are reproductive cells that contain only half the genetic material of all the other cells in the body.
Gametes
200
Schizophrenia is a disease in which the immune system attacks myelin interfering with the neuronal signaling and producing varying degrees of physical and cognitive impairment. True or False?
FALSE- Multiple Sclerosis
200
The constructivism approach refers to children as "scientists" with intrinsic motivation to discover the world because they are ________ ( 2 words) in constructing their own knowledge through experience.
Active agents
200
Novelty preference a simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued stimulation. True or False?
False- habituation
300
What are the 3 stages of prenatal development after conception? (in order and write down duration)
zygotic/germinal (0-2), embryonic (3-9), and fetal (10- third trimester)
300
What are 3 reasons why sperm have such a high attrition rate? (double points if you can tell me how many make it to the egg out of the 500 million)
(1)Getting tangled up with other sperm
(2)Traveling to the wrong fallopian tube
(3)Healthy and structurally sound “survival of the fittest”
(4)Chemical reaction that seals membrane after sperm has passed through.
*200
300
What are four functions the left hemisphere is responsible for?
During early childhood, qualitative change, brief transitions, equilibration, and broad applicability are examples of sources of discontinuity. True or False?
False: add invariant sequence and equilibration is a source of continuity along with assimilation and accommodation.
300
What's the difference between the empiricists and nativists view of perceptual constancy
Empiricist (perceptual constancy is learned) Nativist (perceptual constancy is innate)
400
Which developmental psychologist looked at the psychosocial development of humans during the entire lifespan? What is the first conflict and the virtue associated with it?
Erik Erikson. Trust vs. Mistrust - Hope
400
What is the age range of a neonate?
0-4 weeks
400
__________ (a process) is adaptive, increases under rewarding conditions, decreases in threatening environments and is not predetermined. During which stage of development is this process most active?
Neurogenesis. Prenatal development
400
What are 4 critiques of Piaget's theory?
1. Consistency of thinking within each stage
2. Underestimation of cognitive competence
3. Lack of incorporating the social world (nativist)
4. Vagueness of mechanisms behind cognitive development
5. Research methodology; experimental bias
400
What is most basic way to demonstrate an infants understanding of depth perception.
Blinking apperception.
500
___________: children are observed intensely over a short period of time while change is occurring. Helps to clarify the process of specific developmental change, but does not provide information on patterns over a long period of time. What type of research method is this?
Microgenetic study
500
The placenta produces ______and ________ which increases the flow of maternal blood and suppresses contractions leading to premature birth.
estrogen and progesterone
500
Explain the two different types of brain plasticity. Give an example of each.
(1)Experience expectant: the process through which the normal wiring of the brain occurs in part as a result of experiences that every human who inhabits any reasonably normal environment will have
(2) Experience dependent: the process through which neural connections are created and reorganized throughout life as a function of an individual experience
500
What is the difference between the social-cultural and dynamic systems view of children's intellectual nature?
Social Cultural: believe that cognitive development takes place through direct interactions between children and other people. (guided participation and scaffolding)
Dynamic systems: Change occurs over time in complex systems (memory, sensation, perception, and experience) work together to determine the child's behavior
500
Give an example of a scenario where a child would be using intermodal perception
Answers may vary. (Anything that shows multiple senses are being used in order to learn)