Piaget’s Theory
(Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational)
What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?
(Eight)
How many stages are in Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory?
(Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD))
What is the name of Vygotsky’s concept that describes the gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help?
(They may struggle with relationships and trust issues later in life)
According to Erikson, what might happen to a child who does not develop trust in infancy?
(Collaborative learning and peer interaction)
What type of learning does Vygotsky’s theory support in classrooms?
(Formal Operational Stage)
In which stage do children begin to think abstractly and reason hypothetically?
(Trust vs. Mistrust)
What is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, occurring in infancy?
(Scaffolding)
What is the process called when a more knowledgeable person helps a child learn?
(They are in the preoperational stage and experience egocentrism)
How does Piaget explain why young children struggle to take another’s perspective?
(It allows children to explore, experiment, and develop cognitive skills)
According to Piaget, why is play important for learning?
(Egocentrism)
What is the term for when children believe everyone sees the world as they do?
(Identity vs. Role Confusion)
Which stage occurs during adolescence and focuses on identity development?
Vygotsky emphasizes social interaction and cultural influence; Piaget focuses on individual exploration
How does Vygotsky’s theory differ from Piaget’s in terms of learning?
(More knowledgeable peers or adults)
Vygotsky emphasized that children learn best when interacting with whom?
(By creating a supportive environment that fosters confidence and identity development)
How can teachers use Erikson’s theory to support students?
(Hands-on, experiential learning)
What type of learning does Piaget emphasize?
(It can lead to difficulties in future stages and emotional development challenges)
According to Erikson, what happens if a child does not successfully resolve a stage?
(It is a primary tool for thought and learning)
According to Vygotsky, what role does language play in cognitive development?
(They may become frustrated and struggle to learn effectively)
What happens when a child is given tasks too far beyond their Zone of Proximal Development?
(Children learn best from social interaction with more knowledgeable peers and adults)
How does Vygotsky’s theory support the use of group work in education?
(Through active exploration and constructing their understanding of the world)
How does Piaget’s theory explain how children acquire knowledge?
(Integrity vs. Despair)
In which stage do individuals reflect on their life and seek a sense of fulfillment?
(Piaget saw development as a series of stages; Vygotsky saw it as continuous and shaped by social interaction)
What is the primary difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s view of cognitive development?
(By providing appropriate challenges, encouragement, and social interaction)
How can caregivers support a child’s cognitive and emotional development based on these theories?
(They emphasize the importance of cognitive, social, and cultural factors in learning and development)
How do all three theories contribute to modern education?