Erikson Psychosocial Development
According to Erikson, this stage occurs in infancy and focuses on whether the world is safe and dependable.
Trust vs mistrust
A child is upset when their caregiver leaves, but will welcome them back when the caregiver returns.
What is secure attachment?
Low on control, low on warmth.
What is uninvolved parenting?
Jimmy does not hit his brother because he worries his toys will be taken away. What LEVEL of moral development is Jimmy in?
What is the PRECONVENTIONAL level? (Stage 1- Obedience and punishment)
An infant's understanding that objects that are no longer in view continue to exist-- occurs by the end of the pre-operational stage.
What is object permanance?
The stage identity vs. role confusion typically occurs during THIS period of life and focuses on exploring one’s personal values, beliefs, and goals.
Adolescence
A child who may be suspicious of strangers, but also is unable to be comforted by the return of the caregiver. They may become aggressive upon the return of the caregiver.
What is ambivalent attachment?
Implications for this parenting style include an inability to make decisions for oneself and rebellious behavior.
What is authoritative parenting?
Sam follows the norms because he is concerned about what people- like his classmates and teachers- will think about him if he does not follow the group. What LEVEL of moral development is Sam likely in? Bonus points if you can name the stage! :)
What is the conventional level (2).
Stage 3: Conformity & Interpersonal Accord
A mental representation or cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information, according to Piaget.
What is a schema?
During industry vs. inferiority, children begin comparing themselves to others. Success in this stage leads to a sense of this (the virtue).
Comptence
Inconsistent patterns in attachment; Parents who act as figures of both fear and reassurance may contribute to this attachment style.
What is disorganized attachment?
Implications of this parenting style include the child being happy, able to advocate for self, feels comfortable making decisions, and expresses opinions.
What is authoritative/democratic parenting?
Janice does not agree with the decision her gov't made to stop SNAP funding. She believes that the gov't should meet the basic needs of their people and that people have an inherent right to food. Janice has been writing her senators letters and raising awareness about community needs. She has donated to the food shelf. What LEVEL of moral development is Jimmy in?
POSTCONVENTIONAL level (stage 5 social contract)
The process of taking in new information and incorporating it into pre-existing schemas.
What is assimilation?
James is in his 40s and spends a lot of time mentoring younger colleagues at work. He also volunteers at a community garden to help kids learn about nature. He feels proud seeing the impact he’s making on the next generation. What stage is he in?
Generativity vs stagnation
In adulthood, a child who experienced this attachment style may be unable to have difficulty with close relationships & intimacy. They may invest little in their relationships and feel little distress when relationships end.
What is avoidant attachment?
Austin won’t come in the house when his mother calls him. He wants to keep playing so his mother allows him saying, “Ah well, kids will be kids. At least he will be happy!”.
What is permissive parenting?
What is one issue with Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
He only included boys in his study-- this is no a representative group.
Johnny understands that the given quantity does not change when its appearance changes. Johnny has mastered....
What is conservation?
Liam is three years old and insists on dressing himself every morning. When his mom helps him tie his shoes, he says, “I can do it myself!”. What stage is Liam in?
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Three implications of secure attachment on an individual.
Answers will vary
(Include: trusting, lasting relationships; good self-esteem; share feelings; seek out social support; feel positive about their relationships)
Tim stays out with his father’s car past the agreed time. His mother calls the police to report it stolen to prove a point.
What is authoritarian parenting?
Only ___% of people achieve stage 6, universal ethics, according to Kohlberg
5%!!!
Explain the difference between assimilation and accomodation.
Assimilation: Incorporating new information into pre-existing
Accommodation: Changing our pre-existing schemas or creating new schemas when we acquire new information