Abraham Maslow
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of needs? (HINT: Looking for a definition)
A theory that explains how humans are motivated.
According to Vygotsky, is learning more of a social or independent task?
Social
What is the big idea behind Piaget's theory?
Children actively construct knowledge as they explore and interact with their environment. Development occurs in stages.
These major laws were passed in the 20th (1900s) century that changed how children were viewed.
Child Labor Laws
Describe B.F. Skinner's Theory of Positive and Negative Reinforcement.
Children's behavior can be changed based on positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement means adding something to the situation, negative reinforcement means taking something away from the situation.
Name all 5 levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
Physiological Needs, Security/Safety Needs, Love & Belonging, Self-Esteem, and Self-Actualization
What are the two concepts or theories Vygotsky coined?
Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding
Piaget has four stages. Name the first two.
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
What is Preformationism?
Children are seen as little adults.
Describe Albert Bandura's Theory of Social-Learning
Children learn through observation. (Monkey see, monkey do)
Give one example for each level of hierarchy.
Safety: Security, Safe Neighborhood, etc
Belongingness: Friendship, Love, etc
Self-Esteem: Self-confidence, feeling of accomplishment, etc
Self-Actualization: Achieving your best self
Define Scaffolding.
Temporary support provided by a more knowledgeable other (e.g., teacher, peer) to help a child progress.
We learned about egocentrism and object permanence. Explain one of them.
Object Permeance: The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can't be seen, heard, or touched
Egocentrism: The tendency to be overly concerned with oneself and one's own needs, at the expense of others
What is Tabula Rasa?
The belief that the human mind, at birth, is viewed as having no innate ideas.
Erik Erikson describes 8 stages that a person goes through in their life. Pick one and describe it.
Define the Zone of Proximal Development
The ZPD describes the gap between what a child can do alone, what they can achieve with help from a more knowledgeable person, and what they cannot do yet.