Foundations of Personality
This term refers to the biological foundation of personality that appears early in life and remains fairly stable.
What is Temperament
This psychoanalyst proposed that personality develops through stages centered on different body zones.
What is Sigmund Freud?
The “Big Five” model of personality includes traits like openness and conscientiousness; name one of the other three.
What is extraversion, agreeableness, or neuroticism?
This parenting style balances warmth with reasonable limits and is linked to the healthiest personality outcomes.
What is authoritative parenting?
When a child copies a parent’s kindness toward others, it’s an example of this learning process.
What is modeling? (Or social learning)
The classic debate of whether genes or environment shape personality is known as this.
This theorist described psychosocial stages like “initiative vs. guilt” and “identity vs. role confusion.”
What is Erik Erikson?
Children high in this Big Five trait tend to be organized and responsible.
What is conscientiousness?
Overly strict, punishment-heavy parenting is known by this term.
What is authoritarian parenting?
Personality traits that make it easier or harder for kids to make friends fall under this Big Five dimension.
According to most psychologists, personality begins to take recognizable shape around this developmental stage.
What is early childhood (Ages 3-5)
This behaviorist emphasized that children learn personality traits through imitation and reinforcement.
What is Albert Bandura?
The tendency to seek out new experiences and be curious fits under this Big Five trait.
What is openness?
Children learn behaviors and personality traits by watching caregivers, a process known as this.
What is observational learning? (Modeling)
A child who’s shy at first but warms up after reassurance is showing this temperament pattern.
What is slow-to-warm-up?
The concept that children actively shape their own environment—rather than just reacting to it—is called this.
What is reciprocal determinism
This psychologist focused on children’s thought processes and how cognitive development shapes personality.
What is Jean Piaget?
Thomas and Chess identified three main types of child temperament: easy, difficult, and this.
What is slow-to-warm-up?
The transactional model emphasizes that both child and parent influence each other’s behavior, demonstrating this kind of relationship.
What is a bidirectional relationship?
A child who insists on “doing it myself” during preschool is showing development in this Eriksonian stage.
What is autonomy versus shame and doubt?
This branch of psychology studies how consistent patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought form over time.
What is personality psychology
This humanistic psychologist believed in the self-concept and unconditional positive regard as key to healthy personality.
What is Carl Rogers?
Research shows that this early-emerging temperament dimension is linked to later anxiety disorders if not well-regulated.
What is behavioral inhibition?
According to attachment theory, securely attached children develop this type of self-view.
What is a positive self-concept or sense of worthiness?
A child who feels confident exploring new situations because of a secure attachment likely developed what personality quality?
What is self-confidence or resilence?