The sense of being male or female, which most children acquire by the time they are 3 years old.
What is gender identity?
100
The awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties.
What is conservation?
100
Binet's measure of an individual's level of mental development, compared with that of others.
What is MA (mental age)?
100
Children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.
Who are included in the category of popular children?
100
Parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them; associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.
What is the indulgent style of parenting?
200
The global evaluative dimension of the self.
What is self-esteem?
200
The focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
What is centration?
200
A person's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
What is IQ (intelligence quotient)?
200
Children who are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.
What is the category 'controversial'?
200
The parent is very uninvolved in the child's life; this style is associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.
What is the neglectful style of parenting?
300
Domain-specific evaluations of the self.
What is self-concept?
300
The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's
What is egocentrism?
300
He maintains that we have 8 separate types of intelligence
Who is Howard Gardner?
300
Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
What characterizes rejected children?
300
A restrictive punitive style that places firm limits on the child and allows little verbal exchange; associated with children's social incompetence.
What is the authoritarian style of parenting?
400
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.
What is self-efficacy?
400
the range of tasks tasks too difficult for children to master alone but that can be mastered with assistance.
What is the ZPD or zone of proximal development?
400
A symmetrical distribution typical of intelligence scores; also known as a bell curve
What is a normal distribution?
400
These children are happy, control their negative emotions, and show enthusiasm and concern for others.
What are popular children like?
400
Parents encourage their children to be independent but still place limits and controls on their actions. Extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturant.
What is the authoritative style of parenting?
500
Awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others; includes knowing that beliefs can be false
What is Theory of mind?
500
Language and speech develop independently in Vygotsky's view; the 2 skills merge as the child uses language to direct her own behavior.
What is private speech?
500
knowing about knowing (or thinking about thinking)
What is metacognition?
500
Children engage in self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.
What is intimacy in friendship?
500
This psychologist developed a classification of parenting styles based on 2 dimensions: warmth (responsiveness) and control