Piaget
According to Piaget, the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically develops during:
a. Concrete operational stage
b. Preoperational stage
c. Sensorimotor stage
d. Formal operational stage
d. Formal operational stage
A 3-year-old insists on dressing themselves, even if it takes longer and looks messy. Which Erikson stage is most clearly shown in this situation?
A Initiative vs. Guilt
B Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C Generativity vs. Stagnation
D Industry vs. Inferiority
B Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
A. Peer relationships in adolescence
B. Early emotional bonds with caregivers
C. Cognitive development through play
D. Moral reasoning
B. Early emotional bonds with caregivers
What is “scaffolding” in the context of Vygotsky’s theory?
A. A learner’s inborn intelligence level
B. A test used to measure how much a student knows
C. Temporary support that is adjusted and then removed as the learner grows
D. A fixed set of worksheets given to all students
C. Temporary support that is adjusted and then removed as the learner grows
Whose theory does not focus on stages?
A. Bowlby
B. Piaget
C. Erikson
D. Vygotsky
D. Vygotsky
According to Piaget, children learn by:
A. Memorizing information
B. Passively listening to adults
C. Actively interacting with their environment
D. Avoiding mistakes
C. Actively interacting with their environment
What is the central conflict of early adulthood according to erikson?
A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Intimacy vs Isolation
C. integrity vs Despair
D. Industry vs Inferiority
B. Intimacy vs Isolation
What is the term Bowlby used for a child’s strong emotional bond with a caregiver?
A. Conditioning
B. Schema
C. Reinforcement
D. Attachment
D. Attachment
How does Vygotsky’s theory view the role of culture in learning?
A Culture is mainly about entertainment and does not guide learning
B Culture has little impact; all children develop in the same way
C Culture provides tools and practices that shape how children think
D Culture only affects behavior, not thinking processes
C Culture provides tools and practices that shape how children think
A. Is strict and inconsistent
B. Responds sensitively to a child’s needs consistently
C. Encourages independence at all times
D. Allows the child to self‑soothe without support
B. Responds sensitively to a child’s needs consistently
A. Conservation
B. Object permanence
C. Egocentrism
D. scaffolding
C. Egocentrism
According to Erikson, what is the main positive outcome when an infant successfully resolves the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?
A They become highly competitive and focused on achievement.
B They form a basic sense that the world is safe and people can be relied on.
C They commit to long-term romantic relationships.
D they develop a strong sense of independence from others.
B They form a basic sense that the world is safe and people can be relied on.
What did Bowlby believe would happen if a child did not form a secure attachment?
A. They would become more intelligent
B. They would struggle with emotional and social development
C. They would become more independent
D. Nothing significant would happen
B. They would struggle with emotional and social development
According to Vygotsky, what is the main driver of a student’s cognitive development?
A. Social interaction within a cultural context.
B. Fixed stages that unfold in the same way for everyone
C. Independent discovery without outside help
D. Biological maturation of the brain
A. Social interaction within a cultural context.
Which of the following is NOT an attachment style.
A. Secure attachment
B. Insecure-avoidant attachment
C. Disorganized attachment
D. Insecure-important attachment
D. Insecure-important attachment
Which stage is associated with logical thinking about concrete objects?
A.Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
C. Concrete operational
A 15-year-old student is exploring different hobbies, friend groups, and future careers. According to Erik Erikson, which psychosocial crisis is this teen mainly working through?
A Intimacy vs. Isolation
B Trust vs. Mistrust
C Identity vs. Role Confusion
D Industry vs. Inferiority
C Identity vs. Role Confusion
What behavior shows a secure attachment according to Bowlby?
A. Ignoring the caregiver completely
B. Being distressed when they leave and comforted when they return
C. Never showing emotion
D. Avoiding all social interaction
B. Being distressed when they leave and comforted when they return
Which activity best reflects Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development
A. Having children work on slightly challenging tasks with guidance
B. Reading to a child while they sit quietly and listen without participating
C. Giving children a task they are very good at by themselves.
D. Assigning a project that is much too hard even with help.
A. Having children work on slightly challenging tasks with guidance
Which theorist focused most on emotional development across the lifespan?
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Erikson
D. Bowlby
C. Erikson
A 6‑year‑old believes that a tall thin glass holds more juice than a short wide glass, even though both contain the same amount. What ability does this child lack.
A. Egocentrism
B. Conservation
C. Seriation
D. Zone of proximal development
B. Conservation
According to Erikson, the main conflict of early childhood is:
a. Trust vs. mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. Initiative vs. guilt
d. Industry vs. inferiority
b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
What is the “critical period” in Bowlby’s theory?
A) The time when children learn to walk
B) The time where a child's brain grows the most
C) The early time frame when attachments must form for healthy development
D) Adulthood
C) The early time frame when attachments must form for healthy development
A teacher asks students to first solve a problem in pairs before attempting similar problems alone. How would Vygotsky most likely interpret this strategy?
A As valuable because collaboration supports learning within the ZPD
B As harmful because it prevents students from discovering answers themselves
C As a waste of time because students should always work alone
D As unnecessary because social interaction does not affect thinking
A As valuable because collaboration supports learning within the ZPD
Which statement best compares Piaget and Vygotsky’s views on learning?
A. Piaget believed learning is social, while Vygotsky believed it is individual
B. Piaget emphasized individual discovery, while Vygotsky emphasized social interaction
C. Both believed learning happens only through reinforcement
D. Both believed development is purely biological
B. Piaget emphasized individual discovery, while Vygotsky emphasized social interaction