Autism
Is ASD diagnosed most among boys or girls?
Boys
What chromosome do people with Down Syndrome have an extra copy of?
Chromosome 21
What kind of recording is used to measure after-seizure brain activity
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
What is the ratio between boys and girls with dyslexia?
1:1
In 2014, what percentage of American parents reported they had a child with ADHD? (within five digits)
11%
What single gene is associated with the onset of ASD?
Trick question! Dozens of genes have been implicated in ASD
By what process do people with Down Syndrome inherit an extra chromosome?
Nondisjunction during meiosis
What kind of diet has been found to help treat epilepsy?
Ketogenic Diet
What brain area is most affected in dyslexia?
Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) and/or left occipitotemporal cortex
Professionals reference what material when diagnosis ADHD?
American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth edition (DSM-5)
What criteria must be met to be diagnosed with ASD? Name both.
•Impaired social communication and interaction
•Repetitive behaviors or narrow, obsessive interests
What are some distinctive facial features associated with Down Syndrome? List at least four.
•Flattened face and bridge of the nose
•Eyes that slant upward
•Small ears, hands, & feet
•Short stature
•Decreased muscle mass
Mary collapses during practice and develops a bitter taste in her mouth while her limbs twitch. What is Mary experiencing?
Simple focal seizure
What area of linguistics is most relevant in the study of dyslexia?
Phonology
What are the three major symptoms of ADHD?
Inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors
What disorders have a high co-morbidity rate with ASD? Name at least two.
Mood and anxiety disorders, seizures, intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Why might people with Down Syndrome develop Alzheimer's Disease at a younger age?
Because chromosome 21 contains the gene that encodes amyloid precursor protein (APP)
What is the criteria for receiving an epilepsy diagnosis?
Two or more seizures that cannot be explained by a temporary underlying medical condition like high fever or low blood sugar
What exercises have proven most effective in treating dyslexia?
Behavioral and educational exercises that involve breaking words down into sounds and linking them to specific letter patterns
Why is it important that a diagnostic test for ADHD be especially comprehensive?
Many other problems like sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and certain types of learning disabilities can have similar symptoms
Oxycontin promotes pair-bonding and increases the salience of social stimuli
Would people with Mosaicism Down Syndrome be more or less likely to develop Alzheimer’s at a young age? Why?
Less, people with Mosaicism Down Syndrome have milder symptoms and are more likely to live past 50 because they have fewer extra copies of the chromosome that encodes amyloid precursor protein (chromosome 21)
What are the two kinds of generalized seizures?
Absence/petit mal & Tonic-clonic/grand mal seizures
What are the opposing theories for the onset of dyslexia?
•Brain differences are present before reading and language difficulties become apparent
•People with dyslexia read less and, therefore, their brains develop less in regions associated with reading
People with ADHD show unusual activity in which neural system? What does this system modulate?
Dopamenergic System; Rewarding behaviors